First Line Defenses
Components of the first line of defense include all of the following, except
a)the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin.
b)the flushing action of tears and blinking.
c)nasal hairs.
d)phagocytic white blood cells.
e)the flushing action of urine.
d) phagocytic white blood cells.
Which of the following are correct regarding blood cells? (Mark all that apply)
a)They develop from undifferentiated stem cells.
b)They include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei.
c)After birth, they are produced in red bone marrow sites.
d)They include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes.
e)Lymphocytes include eosinophils, basophils and mast cells.
a, b, c and d are correct
Humoral immunity involves ______, while _____ function in cell-mediated immunity.
a) T cells; B cells
b) monocytes; basophils
c) B cells; neutrophils
d) basophils; T cells
e) B cells; T cells
e) B cells; T cells
Which of the following cells kill their target by secreting perforin and granzymes?
a)B cells
b)TH cells
c)TREG cells
d)TC cells
e)Neutrophils
d) TC cells
The major category(ies) of hypersensitivity(ies) that typically involve(s) a B-cell immunoglobulin response include(s)
a)type I only.
b)type I and type IV.
c)type IV only.
d)type I, type II, and type III.
e)type I, type II, type III, and type IV.
d) type I, type II, and type III
Nonspecific chemical defenses include … (Mark all that apply)
a)lysozyme.
b)lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat.
c)the skin's acidic pH and fatty acids.
d)stomach hydrochloric acid.
e)secretory IgA on the mucous membranes.
a, b, c, and d are all correct.
The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are …
a)basophils. d) lymphocytes.
b)eosinophils. e) monocytes.
c)neutrophils.
b) eosinophils.
Adaptive immunity is sometimes called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternate name?
a) Lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are highly specific for a single antigenic determinant.
b) Activated lymphocytes produce daughter cells that are identical in specificity and function.
c) To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the antigenic determinant for which they are specific.
d) Activated lymphocytes may persist for years in the body.
e) Lymphocytes reactive to normal body components are removed.
c) To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the antigenic determinant for which they are specific.
How are cytotoxic T cells activated?
a) By directly binding to an antigen
b) By activation of complement
c) Presentation of an epitope on MHC-I
d) Presentation of an epitope on MHC-II
e) Binding between TLRs and PAMPs
c) Presentation of an epitope on MHC-I
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a)Food allergy - type I hypersensitivity
a)Poison ivy dermatitis - type IV hypersensitivity
b)Transfusion reaction - type II hypersensitivity
c)Hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity
d)Arthrus reaction - type III hypersensitivity
e)Erythroblastosis fetalis – type II hypersensitivity
c) Hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity
The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the
a)digestive tract
b)eyes
c)skin
d)respiratory tract
e)urinary tract
d) respiratory tract
Which of the following statements is true regarding complement?
a) Complement factor C3b functions as an opsonin.
b) All of the complement proteins are always active in serum.
c) Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis.
d) All complement activity is antigen specific.
e) Complement activity increases after immunization.
a) Complement factor C3b functions as an opsonin.
The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is
a) IgD.
b) IgM.
c) IgA.
d) IgG.
e) IgE.
d) IgG.
Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is true?
a) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated.
b) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target.
c) Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
d) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide.
e) A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.
e) A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.
All of the following are involved in type II hypersensitivity except ______.
a)IgM
b)complement
c)foreign cells (antigen)
d)IgE
e)IgG
d) IgE
How does normal microbiota support immunity?
Activities of normal microbiota make it hard for pathogens to compete
All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?
a) Diapedesis
b) Margination
c) Phagocyte migration
d) Repair
e) Vasodilation
e) Vasodilation
Select all of the true statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody.
a) Antibodies are formed of four polypeptide chains.
b) The antibody class is determined by the Fc region.
c) Dimeric antibodies have two antigen binding sites.
d) IgM is a pentameric antibody.
e) Heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds.
a, b, and d are all correct
What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?
a) Innate immunity
b) Naturally acquired active immunity
c) Naturally acquired passive immunity
d) Artificially acquired active immunity
e) Artificially acquired passive immunity
b) Naturally acquired active immunity
A person with O+ type blood … (Mark all that may apply)
a)lacks A and B antigens.
b)is called a universal recipient.
c)produces anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
d)produces antibodies against the Rh factor.
e)is called a universal donor.
a and c are both correct
Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion? (Select all of the correct answers)
a) tears contain lysozyme and salt.
b) a mucus layer traps and removes microbes.
c) tears contain complement which leads to lysis of bacteria.
d) tears mechanically flush particles from the eyes.
e) Eyebrows and eyelashes trap pathogens and debris.
a, b, d and e are all correct
Which of the following is NOT part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons?
a) They bind to the surface of uninfected cells.
b) They directly inactivate viruses.
c) They initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins.
d) They work in cells not producing IFNa or IFNb.
e) They initiate transcription.
b) They directly inactivate viruses.
A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?
a) the child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza.
b) the child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.
c) the child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections.
d) the child has neither influenza nor RSV.
e) the results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion.
b) the child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.
Thymic selection …
a) Destroys T cells that don’t recognize self-molecules of MHC.
b) Destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.
c) Destroys MHC molecules.
d) Destroys CD4+ cells that attack self.
e) Activates B cells.
a) Destroys T cells that don’t recognize self-molecules of MHC.
In the theory for allergic desensitization, which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE?
a)IgD d) IgE
b)IgA e) IgM
c)IgG
c) IgG