Chapter 16: Innate Immunity
The defenses that are rapid, present at birth, and protect against any pathogen.
What is Innate immunity?
The cell type that matures in the thymus and is responsible for cellular immunity.
What is a T cell (or T lymphocyte)?
This general mode of action is affected by drugs like Penicillins and Vancomycin.
What is Inhibition of cell wall synthesis?
The lack of resistance to a disease.
What is Susceptibility?
The CD4+ T helper cell binds to the antigen fragment and this class of MHC molecule on an APC (antigen presenting cell)
What is MHC class II?
This granulocyte releases histamine and is involved in allergic responses.
What is a Basophil?
This antibody class is a monomer and is involved in allergic reactions and the lysis of parasitic worms.
What is IgE?
The mode of action employed by Polymyxin B.
What is Injury to the plasma membrane?
The two immune systems of the host: one fights invaders outside cells and the other fights antigens inside cells.
What are Humoral immunity and Cellular immunity?
The antihelminthic drug that prevents ATP generation and is used to treat tapeworms.
What is Niclosamide?
The general term for the over 30 proteins produced by the liver that circulate in the serum and assist the immune system in destroying microbes.
What is the Complement System?
The type of adaptive immunity acquired when antibodies pass from the mother to the fetus via the placenta or to the infant via breast milk.
What is Naturally acquired passive immunity?
This mode is used by drugs such as Chloramphenicol and Tetracyclines to target protein production.
What is Inhibition of protein synthesis?
T cells, B cells, and NK cells are all classified as this type of agranulocyte.
What are Lymphocytes?
Enzymes produced by some bacteria that provide resistance
What are Beta-lactamases?
The four signs and symptoms of Inflammation.
What are Redness, swelling (edema), pain, and heat?
These CD8+ cells are activated to become cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and bind to MHC class I molecules to kill infected cells.
What are Cytotoxic T cells?
Quinolones and Rifampin are grouped together because they target these two processes.
What are Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription?
The general term for a substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe.
What is an Antibiotic?
The type of reaction that occurs when the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of either drug alone.
What is Synergism?
The process by which monocytes mature into these large, phagocytic cells once they enter tissues.
What are Macrophages?
The first time the immune system combats a particular foreign substance, producing this type of response.
What is the Primary response?
The specific mode of action used by Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim.
What is Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis?
The two components of the Y-shaped antibody structure that are joined together by disulfide links.
What are Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains?
The antiviral drug that structurally resembles the nucleoside deoxyguanosine and is activated in a virus-infected cell to block DNA synthesis.
What is Acyclovir?