Vaccine Basics
What does IM stand for?
Intramuscular
What angle is used for IM injections?
90 degrees
What temperature range should vaccines be stored at (refrigerated)?
36–46°F (2–8°C)
At what age is the first Hep B vaccine given?
Birth
What is the most severe allergic reaction called?
Anaphylaxis
What is the purpose of vaccines?
To stimulate immune response and prevent disease
What angle is used for subcutaneous injections?
45 degrees
What should you do if a vaccine is left out?
Do NOT use, label, and report
What vaccines are typically given at 2 months?
DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, Rotavirus
What medication is used first-line for anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
What type of immunity do vaccines provide?
Active immunity
Where is the preferred site for IM injection in infants?
Vastus lateralis (thigh)
What is the purpose of a temperature log?
To ensure vaccines stay within safe range
What vaccine prevents measles, mumps, and rubella?
MMR
Where is epinephrine injected?
IM in the thigh
What is a contraindication?
A condition where a vaccine should NOT be given
Where is the preferred IM site for adults?
Deltoid muscle
What is cold chain management?
Maintaining proper temperature from manufacture to administration
At what age is the HPV vaccine typically started?
11–12 years
What should you monitor after giving vaccines?
Patient for 15 minutes for reactions
What is herd immunity?
When enough people are immune to protect the population
Why should you NOT aspirate during vaccine injections?
No large blood vessels present; unnecessary and increases pain
What happens if vaccines freeze?
They can lose effectiveness and must be discarded
How many doses are in the DTaP series?
5 doses
What is a VIS?
Vaccine Information Statement