Chemical Mediators of Inflammation
This cytokine is an endogenous pyrogen that is released from macrophages and monocytes during the inflammatory process.
What is IL-1 and TNF-𝞪?
These are cell surface proteins on activated endothelial cells that facilitate leukocyte rolling and margination during the inflammatory process
What are selectins and integrins?
This is an innate immune system cell that kills virally-infected host cells
What is a natural killer cell?
This is a T cell receptor co-receptor that characterizes helper T cells
What is CD4?
This is a property of IgG antibodies that prevents the movement of pathogens across epithelium or barriers, prevents binding of a pathogen to a host cell, and prevents toxins from affecting host cells.
What is antibody neutralization?
This is a plasma protein that is synthesized by the liver and binds to neutrophils, leading to chemotaxis at the site of inflammation.
What is C5a?
These are catalase proteins produced by fibroblasts that hydrolyze old ECM and facilitate angiogenesis
What are MMPs?
This is a signaling protein released by virally-infected host cells that signals an anti-viral state to nearby cells and activates NK cells
What is type 1 IFN
This is a T cell selection process that occurs in the medulla of the thymus
What is negative selection?
This is a specific type of complement system activation that is triggered by antibody-antigen complexes
What is the classical pathway?
These cells are a target of serotonin, an inflammatory chemical mediator released by platelets that induce vasodilation
Smooth muscle cells
This is a process that occurs in tissue regeneration that decreases wound size to facilitate faster healing
What is wound contracture?
This is a receptor and signal transduction protein combination that is used by most of the innate immune system in response to cytokine ligands binding to receptors
What is JAK-STAT signaling?
This is a co-receptor on T cells that binds B7 receptors on dendritic cells. This binding interaction is "signal 2" of the T cell activation process.
What is CD28?
This is a cell surface receptor on B cells that binds to its corresponding ligand on T cells in T cell-dependent B cell activation. It is also known as "signal 2"
What is CD40?
These are four chemical mediators that all cause vasodilation in the acute inflammatory process.
What is nitrous oxide, serotonin, bradykinin, and histamine
This is an enzyme within phagolysosomes of neutrophils that can kill bacteria by depriving them of iron.
What is lactoferrin?
This type of tissue-resident macrophage is found in the liver
This is a term that describes a lack of T cell responses when T cells receive signal 1 alone
What is anergy?
This is an enzyme that is responsible for somatic hypermutation and isotype class switching in B cells
What is AID?
This is a protein that is in the last step of the IL-8 signal transduction pathway. During the transduction pathway it is turned on and leads to actin polymerization in neutrophils.
What is Rac?
This specific vascular location is the primary site of the acute inflammatory process
What is post-capillary venule
This is an immune cell that circulates, is a granulocyte, and has a role in mediating allergic responses
What is a basophil?
These cytokines are released by TH2 cells and are involved in defense against helminths as well as allergic diseases
What is IL-4 and IL-5?
This is an Fc receptor on B cells that is involved in the down regulation of B cell activity
What is Fc𝞬RII𝞫?