Innate Immune cells
What type of Innate immune cell kills infected host cells?
What is Natural Killer Cells?
How do cells differentiate between self and non-self?
What is Pattern recognition receptors?
Which region of the Antibody is responsible for the differences between isotopes?
What is the constant region?
This antigen presentation protein is known for activating CD8+ T cells.
what is MHC-1?
During maturation, what antibody do B-Cells form first?
What is IgM?
What is typically required for B-Cell activation?
What is a stimulatory response from Helper T cells?
What is the first line of defense for the immune system?
What is Non-selective barriers? (ex: skin, mucus, etc.)
Where do Toll-like receptors recognize PAMPS/DAMPS?
What is on the Plasma membrane or in endosomes?
What is an individual antigenic determinant; a site on an antigen that binds to an antibody.
What is an epitope?
What does TAP stand for?
What is Transporter associated with Antigen Presentation?
What allows for the internalization of antigens to promote MHC-2 production in B-cells?
What is BCR?
What can cytokines induce in adaptive immune responses?
What is Antibody isotope switching?
What is an inhibitor for Natural killer cells?
what is MHC-1?
What PRR is responsible for detecting viral dsDNA in the cytosol?
What is RIG-I-like Receptors?
What is missing from both IgM and IgE?
What is the hinge region?
What types of cells are able to present MHC-2?
What is professional Antigen Presenting cells? (DCs, macrophages, and B-cells)
What are two forms of immunoglobulins formed by B-cells?
During somatic hypermutation, what enzyme is responsible for the majority of mutations?
What is Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID)?
What types of innate immune cells is present in all tissues?
What is Macrophages and Dendritic Cells?
What PRR recognizes antigens in the cytosol and works alongside inflamosomes?
What is Nod-like Receptors?
There are two types of light chains, which type is more prevalent of the two?
What is Kappa?
B-cells are able to be activated independently of T-cells in the presence of what?
What is bacterial polysaccharides or repeating epitopes?
When a B-Cell forms, and it has low-affinity to the antigen, what happens to the cell?
What is apoptosis?
What cytokine is secreted by the TFH Cell that costimulates B-cell activation?
What is IL-21?
What is the byproduct of phagocytosis by macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils?
What is superoxide?
Neutrophils are able to release fibers that are theorized to bind and kill pathogens, what is the name of these fibers?
what is Neutrophil Extracellular Traps?
What enzymes are capable of digesting antibodies?
What is Papin and pepsin?
In this scenario, viral proteins have been found in the cytosplasm by the APC, these peptides have been broken down by proteasome and presented using MHC-1, which pathway is this?
What is the endogenous pathway?
During Maturation from common lymphoid progenitors to pro-B Cells, what two enzymes promote VDJ recombination?
What is Recombination-Activating Gene (RAG)-1 and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)
What antibodies do short lived Plasma Cells produce?
What is low Affinity IgM and IgG?
Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, and Neutrophils all are able to engulf and undergo phagocytosis of pathogens, what is responsible for the opsonization of the pathogens to help these cells?
What is antibodies and the complement pathway?
What molecule binds to leukocyte's integrin during an inflammatory response?
What is ICAM-1?
This type of variation on antibodies allows for affinity for a specific antigen to be higher than it was before with the help of Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, what is this variation called?
what is somatic hypermutation?
When presenting an antigen to a naive T-Cell, what costimulatory responses are needed for activation?
What is CD8 to TCR, CD40/CD40L, CD28/CD80, ICAM-1/CD54?
Where are B-Cells located before activation by APCs?
What is the Geminal Center?
What type of B-Cells present T-cell dependent antigens to other T-Cells?
What is follicular B-Cells?