Miscellaneous
This cell type is loaded with histamine and ready to release it after exposure to an antigen.
What are mast cells?
This prominent class of receptors binds to lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria.
What are Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)?
Small soluble proteins secreted by the cells of innate and adaptive immunity that mediate many of the functions of these cells.
What are cytokines (and chemokines)?
This class of MHC molecules presents peptides derived from extracellular proteins, digested in the endosomes.
What is MHC II?
These type of cells secrete cytokines to "help" the immune system, also called CD4+ cells
What are Helper T cells?
Macrophages, Neutrophils, Mast Cells, and Erythrocytes are derived from this cell lineage.
What is myeloid (progenitor) cell lineage?
Phagocytes have phagosome membranes enriched with this enzyme required to make reactive oxygen species.
What is NADPH oxidase?
This specialized group of cytokines is responsible for directing the migration of leukocytes.
What are chemokines?
Cells displaying peptides with this class of MHC are target cells that can be killed by cytotoxic T cells
What is MHC I?
MHC genes have many alleles that are close together (linked) and tend to be inherited as these units.
What are haplotypes?
Skin, lysozyme, stomach acidity, and mucous membranes represent which type of immunity?
What is innate immunity?
These cells are the first line of defense against virus infection by recognizing and killing several types of abnormal cells.
What are Natural Killer (NK) cells?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
This enzyme cleaves the central disulfide bond of the antibody to generate identical antigen binding sites. (Hint: Not pepsin.)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
What is papain?
Endogenous proteins are digested to small peptides by these protein complexes.
What are proteasomes?
When both paternal and maternal alleles are expressed in professional antigen presenting cells, this property is being displayed.
What is codominance?
These cells of innate immunity create an acute phase reaction to infection by producing cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.
What are macrophages?
The activation of complement results in the production of this central component of complement.
What is C3 convertase?
This class of immunoglobulin is most abundant, activates complement, opsonizes, and crosses the placenta.
What is IgG?
Regarding endogenous antigens, peptides are fed into the ER by the way of this channel.
What is the TAP transporter?
This class of MHC molecules contains a B2-microglobulin required to aid in reaching the cell surface.
MHC Class I
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
There are many acute phase proteins formed by the liver in response to infection but this one can be used to activate complement. (Hint: Not involved in classical or alternative activation of complement.)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
What is mannose-binding lectin?
This activation pathway of complement requires no antibodies.
What is alternate activation of complement?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to these amino acids.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
What are serine and threonine?
The probability of someone having a disease that is associated with a specific HLA allele, compared to someone without that allele.
What is relative risk?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
These can cause an increase or decrease in MHC expression. (Name 2)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
-Cytokines can increase MHC expression
-Anti-inflammatory (steroids) drugs may decrease MHC expression
-Viruses may decrease in MHC I expression by infected cells
-Pathogen products can activate MHC expression
-Tumor cells may lose MHC I expression