Components of the Immune System
Which immunoglobulin passes across the placenta vs. is found in colostrum/maternal milk?
IgG and IgA, respectively
Age related decline in [ immunoglobulin ] can be associated with decreasing allergic inflammation.
IgE
[male or female] are more likely to develop septic complications after injury.
Male
In a liver transplant patient with new gingival hyperplasia, which drug most likely will caused that finding?
Cyclosporine
Lungs
What is the 1st cell to arrive to a scene when the innate immune response is activated?
Neutrophils
Binding of what molecules acts as signal two in activating the adaptive immune system?
Binding of CD80 or CD86 to CD28 on T cells
Which cytokine downregulates cytokine production and inflammatory signaling pathways?
IL-10
A patient is 1 month post-op liver transplant with elevated liver enzymes. Biopsy is performed and he is diagnosed with his first episode of moderate acute rejection. What is the best next MEDICATION treatment?
(short course) high-dose steroids
Post kidney transplant patient, not compliant with meds, with cough/shortness of breath/hypoxia. What is the most likely organism and its treatment?
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia; Bactrim
Which innate immune system cell releases histamine?
Basophils
Which of the following drugs should be stopped prior to elective surgery due to poor wound healing? Steroids, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus
Sirolimus (binds FK binding protein, which inhibits signals from cytokines)
Post-splenectomy patients should receive vaccines against which organisms?
Which drug has a similar mechanism to tacrolimus? Calcineurin, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil or steroids
Cyclosporine (calcineurin inhibitors)
Which organism is most likely to cause profuse watery diarrhea and leukocytosis 1 month after heart & kidney transplant?
C. diff
Recurrent bacterial infections in a 6month old are most commonly seen in ______ (genetic disorder).
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
What is the mechanism of OPSI (overwhelming post splenectomy infection)?
Impaired opsonification (allowing for phagocytosis) of encapsulated organisms
What is the most common cancer seen in transplant patients?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the pathophysiology of an acute rejection?
T cell mediated
Your pathologist lost their dictation mic and asked you to label a sinus biopsy specimen from a liver transplant patient that was identified as non-septated hyphae with broad branching angles. What organism do you write?
Mucor; treatment = lipid amphotericin B
Pattern Recognition Receptors recognize which two molecules as part of activating the immune response?
PAMPs, DAMPs
CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab and tremelimumab) are used in which cancer?
Metastatic melanoma
Which interleukin used in renal cell carcinoma or melanoma can lead to multiorgan toxicity?
IL-2
Chronic Rejection is defined as what 4 characteristics?
Organ dysfunction, vasculopathy, interstitial fibrosis, donor-specific antibody
Which virus can lead to renal dysfunction and ureteral obstruction after transplant?
BK Virus