Definitions
Which of the following definitions describes Avidity?
a) Antigenic features of leukocytes
b) Strength of bond between multivalent ag & ab
c) Determinant site on antigen
d) Strength of bond between single ag &ab
b) Strength of bond between multivalent ag & ab
Which class of immunoglobulins has the highest concentration in serum?
a) IgG
b) IgM
c) IgA
d) IgD
a) IgG
Highest concentration and also only one that can cross placenta
Which marker appears first in a HBV infection?
a) Anti-HBs
b) Antic-HCV
c) HBe-Ag
d) HBsAg
d) HBsAg
Which type of immunity is temporary only?
a) Passive
b) Active
c) Both
d) Neither, they are both long term
a) Passive
What is a Urine IEP test most commonly used for?
a) Bence Jones protein
b) Free light chains
c) Both
d) Neither
Serum IEP is used to determine monoclonal gammopathies
Which definition best describes Nephelometry?
a) Used to measure concentration of small molecules such as drugs or hormones
b) Can be used for detecting Antigen or Antibody
c) Light is passed through suspension and scattered light is measured
d) Reagent antibody and fluorescent-tagged antigen is added to serum
c) Light is passed through suspension and scattered light is measured
Which type of Immunoglobulin is secreated in tears and saliva?
a) IgM
b) IgG
c) IgA
d) IgD
c) IgA
Which test is considered confirmatory for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
a) Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
b) Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide assay (anti-CCP)
c) Endomysial antibody (EMA-IgA)
d) Beta-2 Microglobulin
b) Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide assay (anti-CCP)
Which type of immunity is associated with neonates?
a) Active
b) Passive
c) Both
d) Neither
b) Passive
Their immunity when they are <4 months is from mom IgG's
What is this pattern indicative of?
a) Proteinemia
b) Multiple Myeloma
c) Some kind of interference
d) Normal
d) Normal
Which type of test is known to use the "sandwich technique"?
a) EIA/ELISA
b) RIA
c) FPIA
d) IFE
a) EIA/ELISA
Antibody is placed on solid surface, patient serum is added which binds to the antibody, then excess labelled antibody is added to form antigen-antibody-labeled antibody "sandwich"
What is the function of IgD?
a) Fix complement
b) Fights bacterial infections
c) Involved in Type II hypersensitivity
d) None of the above
Function of IgD is actually unknown
To test for antibodies to specific allergens, the following procedure would be performed:
a) CRP
b) VDRL
c) RIST
d) RAST
d) RAST
RAST testing measures for specific allergen levels of IgE, while RIST measure for total amount of IgE due to the allergens.
Which type of immunity are T cells (cytokines) involved in?
a) Adaptive
b) Natural
c) Innate
d) All of the above
a) Adaptive
Another example would be B cells which are out antibodies
What is this pattern indicative of?
a) Multiple Myeloma
b) Sickle cell Anemia
c) Normal
d) Some kind of interference
a) Multiple Myeloma
Which test for Syphilis is most sensitive in ALL stages?
a) RPR
b) MHA-TP
c) VDRL
d) FTA-Abs
d) FTA-Abs
Also ELISA. Both tests are still positive even after treatment of patient
Which immunoglobulin has a pentameter structure?
a) IgG
b) IgM
c) IgA
d) All of the above
b) IgM
Their pentameter structure is held together by a J chain which gives is 10 functional binding sites
Which of the following complement cascades are activated by Lipopolysaccharides?
a) Classical
b) Alternative
c) Lectin
d) Allergic
b) Alternative
Classical cascade is activated by Immune Complexes (IgG and IgM)
Which type of immunity is involved in Type III hypersensitivity (Immune complex)?
a) Humoral
b) Innate
c) Natural
d) All of the above
a) Humoral
B cells are involved here
How would you report this IFE as?
a) IgM Kappa
b) IgG Lambda
c) IgG Kappa
d) IgM Lambda
c) IgG Kappa
Which disease state is this pattern associated with?
a) SLE
b) Sjorgen's
c) CREST
d) RA
c) CREST
For this pattern pay attention for centomere pattern that looks like it has many tiny dots. Other cells will fluoresce with a speckled pattern
Which immunoglobulin is involved with Type I hypersensitivity?
a) IgG
b) IgM
c) IgA
d) IgE
d) IgE
Which pattern does this picture represent?
a) Identity
b) Partial Identity
c) Non-Identity
c) Non-Identity
Which type of immunity is associated with Viral/Fungal infections?
a) Humoral
b) Natural
c) Cellular
d) None of the above
c) Cellular
T cells and lymphokines are involved. When there is a viral infection, think increased lymphs.
How would you report this IFE as?
a) IgG Kappa
b) IgG + IgA Kappa
c) IgA Kappa
d) None, repeat test
c) IgA Kappa