Imperialism 1
What is imperialism?
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
Define and give an example of a sphere of influence.
an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States
How was Siam able to retain its independence?
Buffer state (or neutral zone) between French and British colonies in Southeast Asia
What did it mean when the British referred to India as the “jewel in the crown”of their empire?
It was their most valuable colony
Why did the Sepoy mutiny mark a turning point in Indian history?
The British government took direct control of India after this
What is Social Darwinism?
The application of Darwin’s ideas about evolution and the “survival of the fittest” to human societies, particularly as justification for imperialist expansion
Define Collective Security and give an example
System by which states have attempted to prevent or stop wars. Under a collective security arrangement, an aggressor against any one state is considered an aggressor against all other states, which act together to repel the aggressor. The countries act together against any country that avoid peace.
1931 - Japan attacked the Chinese province of Manchuria. The league try to intervene but it was weak due to the financial crisis of the 1929
The Crimean War was the first war in which women did what, led by whom?
Established their position as army nurses
Florence Nightingale
Who fought in the Opium War?
Britain and China
Why could the Indians not unite against the British in the Sepoy Mutiny?
Weak leadership and serious splits between Muslims and Hindus
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To set down rules for European nations to divide Africa up among themselves into colonies
Define Colony and give an example of one
a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony
What was the importance of the Suez Canal?
Connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean; reduced travel time, promoted trade
What was the significance of the Panama Canal?
Connected the Atlantic and Pacific without having to go around South America; reduced travel time, promoted trade
What was the Open Door Policy?
A policy proposed by the US in 1899 under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China
What were the 5 Western imperial powera?
USA, UK, FR, RUSSIA, GERMANY
Define and give an example of economic imperialism
an independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interest rather than other governments
The Dole Fruit Company controlled the pineapple trade in Hawaii
Name TWO of China’s responses to Western influence
Remained committed to traditional values
lost numerous territorial conflicts
opposed Western imperialism but granted other nations sphere of influence within China
initially resisted change but finally excepted necessity for reform
Name TWO things the British did to the Indian economy:
Prevented the Indian economy from operating on its own
British policies called for India to produce raw materials for British manufacturing
British policies called for India to buy British goods
Indian competition with British goods was prohibited
Name TWO of Japan’s responses to Western influence
Considered modernization to be necessary
initially resisted change but borrowed and adapted Western ways
strengthened its economic and military power
became an empire builder and imperialist power itself
What are the resources the western powers persue?
Minerals, minerals and minerals
Give TWO reasons why the league of Nations failed.
1934 - Hitler took out Germany from the league
1937 - Mussolini leave the league after trying to invade a country of Africa and receiving criticism from the league
Give TWO characteristics of Direct Control and give ONE example of this method:
foreign officials brought in to rule
no self-rule
government institutions are based only on European styles (no local rule)
GOAL: assimilation
French colonies in Somaliland and Vietnam, German colonies in German East Africa, Portuguese colonies in Angola
Name THREE negative impacts of British imperialism in India
British held much of the economic and political power
British restricted Indian-owned industries
Emphasis on cash crops led to loss of self-sufficiency for many villagers
Reduced food production, causing famines
Threats to Indian traditional life
Name THREE positive impacts of British imperialism in India
Railroads enabled India to develop a modern economy and brought unity to the regions
modern road networks, communication systems, dams, bridges, irrigation canals help India to modernize
sanitation and public health improved
schools and colleges were founded
literacy increased
end to bandits and local warfare