Vocabulary
What is imperialism?
When a stronger nation dominates a weaker one politically, economically, and socially.
Name two nations that dominated mainland Southeast Asia.
France and Britain.
What is a caudillo?
A military dictator in Latin America.
What was the Berlin Conference?
A: A meeting where European powers divided Africa without African representation.
What product did Britain use to balance its trade with China?
Opium
What are cash crops?
Crops produced for their commercial value rather than for use by the grower.
What was the only Southeast Asian nation to remain independent during imperialism?
Siam (modern-day Thailand)
What was the "Big Stick" policy?
The U.S. policy warning Europe to stay out of Latin America, backed by military power.
Why was Africa called "The Dark Continent"?
Because much of its interior was unexplored by Europeans until the late 1800s.
Why was India called the "Jewel in the Crown"?
It provided valuable resources like cotton, tea, and opium.
What is Social Darwinism?
The belief that stronger nations or people are naturally superior and should dominate weaker
What valuable resources attracted Europeans to Southeast Asia?
Spices such as pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg.
What is economic imperialism?
When a nation's economy is controlled by foreign powers without direct political control.
What were the political and economic motives for African imperialism?
Nationalism and the desire for raw materials.
What was the Treaty of Nanjing?
A treaty that ended the Opium War, giving Britain Hong Kong and new trading ports.
What is an unfavorable balance of trade?
When a country imports more goods than it exports.
What did the Dutch grow in Indonesia to export?
Cash crops like tobacco, quinine, and rubber.
Why did the U.S. support Panama's rebellion from Colombia?
To gain the rights to build the Panama Canal.
How did the Berlin Conference impact Africa?
It ignored tribal boundaries, causing future conflict.
Name the 5 motives for imperialism
Political, Economic, Religious, Ideological, Exploratory
Who were sepoys?
Indian soldiers employed by the British East India Company.
Why was Siam allowed to stay independent?
It served as a buffer between French and British territories.
What territories did the U.S. gain after the Spanish-American War?
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Name one positive and one negative effect of imperialism in Africa.
Positive: improved infrastructure; Negative: loss of independence and cultural disruption.
What caused the end of the Qing dynasty?
Foreign spheres of influence.