6.1
This 19th-century ideology used Darwin’s ideas to justify European dominance over other peoples.
What is Social Darwinism?
This African empire, led by Menelik II, successfully defeated Italy in 1896.
What is Ethiopia?
This African resistance leader created a powerful state in West Africa and fought French expansion for years.
Who is Samori Touré?
This system relied on a single export crop or resource, making colonies dependent on global markets.
What is cash-crop agriculture (or monoculture)?
This was a major push factor causing many Europeans to emigrate in the 19th century.
What is overpopulation (or lack of land/jobs)?
European nations sought colonies in order to gain these two key economic benefits for their industries.
What are raw materials and new markets?
This 1884–1885 meeting divided Africa among European powers.
What is the Berlin Conference?
This was a common strategy used by some indigenous rulers to resist imperialism without open warfare.
What is modernization/adopting Western technology?
This canal, completed in 1869, dramatically shortened trade routes between Europe and Asia.
What is the Suez Canal?
This island nation experienced a massive diaspora after a devastating potato famine.
What is Ireland?
This slogan encouraged Europeans to “civilize” non-Western societies and was popularized by Rudyard Kipling.
What is the White Man’s Burden?
This conflict between Britain and the Boers was fought over control of gold and diamonds in South Africa.
What is the Boer War?
This Sudanese religious leader led a revolt against British-Egyptian control.
Who was the Mahdi?
This economic system emphasized private ownership and free markets and expanded globally during industrialization.
What is capitalism?
This term refers to neighborhoods where migrants maintained cultural traditions in new countries.
What are ethnic enclaves?
This Asian country rapidly industrialized during the Meiji Restoration to avoid being colonized.
What is Japan?
This rebellion in 1857 was a major uprising against British rule in India.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion?
This Zulu leader built a powerful centralized state that initially resisted British expansion.
Who was Shaka Zulu?
This labor system in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean involved workers signing contracts for fixed terms.
What is indentured servitude?
This Asian labor migration system sent workers to plantations in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia.
What is the indentured labor system?
This concept describes a region where foreign powers had special trading privileges without fully colonizing it, as seen in China.
What is a sphere of influence?
This Qing dynasty uprising sought to remove foreign influence and was crushed by an international force.
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
This African region was brutally exploited for rubber under King Leopold II.
What is the Congo Free State?
This U.S. policy aimed to ensure equal trading access in China without colonizing it.
What is the Open Door Policy?
This region received millions of European migrants between 1750–1900 due to available land and jobs.
What is the Americas?