Imperialism in Asia
Imperialism in Africa
Causes of WW1
WW1 Battles and Events
Armistice and Treaty of Versailles
Russian Revolution and Civil War
100
Explain how nationalism and racism lead to European imperialism.
Nationalism- competition between countries over resources, land- prove one country is better by having bigger empire
Racism- justify imperialism by saying Europe is civilizing the rest of the world, need to be brought up to a higher standard
100
Why were Europeans unable to create empires in Africa prior to 1800?
Lack of superior weaponry, lack of medicines to fight off diseases
100
In 1832, German theorist Carl von Clausewitz said "war was a continuation of politics by other means”. What MAIN cause of World War 1 does this most relate to and why?
Militarism- shows how Europeans use military forces as a way to achieve other goals, rather than a last resort
100
Poison chlorine gas was first used at the battle of _____
Ypres
100
Of all the Armistice conditions at the end of the war, which one most frustrated the Germans and why?
The naval blockade continuing, because the Germans wanted peace to prevent mass starvation from the blockade, but that wasn't going to happen
100
"March 11th, 1917: An agreement has been reached between the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies and the Petrograd Association of Manufacturers on the introduction of an eight-hour working day in factories and mills and on the establishment of factory committees and chambers of conciliation."
This quote was a response to which long term cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917?
Industrialization and poor working conditions in factories, similar to Britain during the Industrial Revolution
Long work days, nasty air
200
Jules Ferry, French politician:
I am placing before you the considerations that justify the policy of colonial expansion, as seen from the perspective of a need, felt more and more urgently by the industrialized population of Europe and especially the people of our rich and hardworking country of France: the need for export markets.
How does this quote illustrate the connection between industrialization and imperialism?
Ferry is saying that European nations need to have places they can sell their industrial goods in order to make a profit, thus leading them to conquer other parts of the world.
200
What reasons did Belgium have for creating a colony in the Congo?
Rubber resources,
Competition with European powers that were more economically powerful- wanted an equal slice of Africa
200
The following image is depicting which MAIN cause of World War 1? How do you know?
Alliances- shows how countries will fight each other when other countries attack their friends/allies
200
The German plan to invade France through relatively undefended Belgium almost succeeded, if not for the French/British victory at _________________
First Battle of the Marne
200
How did the Treaty of Versailles change the map of Africa after 1918?
German territories were taken from them and distributed to France and Britain. Germany lost its entire empire
200
Why was the Bolshevik Party able to gain supporters between the February and October Revolutions in Russia?
Provisional government stayed in WW1 after the February revolution
Attack at the war front failed, food supplies continued to be scarce, and people turned more and more to the Soviets and the Bolsheviks for answers
300
Explain 2 effects of the Opium War on China.
Loss of Hong Kong,
Loss of Money to Britain
Loss of right to control trade within China
300
Explain how the modern political borders of Africa are an example of European hegemony:
Borders were drawn by European powers and kept after decolonization, thus European influences are still felt
300
During the Agadir Crisis in 1911, French troops annexed Morocco and were met by a German gunboat at the port of Agadir. Germany demanded land in central Africa if France was allowed to take Morocco. Which MAIN cause of WW1 does this most relate to any why?
Imperialism- two great powers fighting over land in Africa- an exchange of imperial land to keep the peace
Nationalism would be an answer to earn half points
300
This battle and its high casualties helped cause the Russian Revolution of 1917
Brusilov Offensive
300
Name at least 5 European countries created as a result of the peace treaties of World War 1
Finland, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Turkey etc.
300
Explain the Communist policy of War Communism in the Russian Civil War. How did peasants and workers respond?
Government took over private businesses, dictated production
Peasants forced to provide grain for soldiers and the government
Peasants and Workers responded with frequent strikes and revolts
400
The following comes from the Japanese Constitution of 1889:
Article 27. The right of property of every Japanese subject shall remain inviolate [untouchable].
Article 29. Japanese subjects shall, within the limits of law, enjoy the liberty of speech, writing, publication, public meetings and associations.
How were these articles the result of the Meiji Restoration?
Meiji Restoration led to the removal of the shogun and the modernization of the government of Japan. This included a new constitution with Western style political and social rights.
400
Explain how this map shows a failure by Europeans to establish hegemony
Ethnic groups of Africa still exist despite European language, religion, culture, and border redrawing's. Ethnic affiliations are strong
400
Which of the MAIN causes of World War 1 does this quote relate to and why:
"My view is that of an organized whole, kept up to a high pitch of internal efficiency by insuring that its numbers are recruited from the better stocks, and kept up to a high [level] by contest, chiefly by way of war with inferior races, and war with equal races for trade-routes and for the sources of raw material and of food supply"
Nationalism- description of a contest between nations to ensure national strengths
400
The United States entered World War 1 after the beginning of unrestricted submarine warfare and the discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram. What was the Zimmermann Telegram and why was it written?
A message from the German government to Mexico, calling for Mexico to invade the United States.
Germany knew the US as going to enter the war and wanted to distract them with a war in Mexico
400
Explain Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles and its implications for Germany.
Article 231 says that Germany accepts all responsibility for starting World War 1 and must therefore pay war reparations to France, Britain, and the United States
400
How was the New Economic Policy different from War Communism?
Under the New Economic Policy or NEP, taxes replaced forced seizure of farmed goods
Farm products could be bought and sold on an open market
Major industries stayed under control of the government
Some businesses could be owned privately
500
Explain all possible causes of the Sepoy Rebellion
1. Religious disrespect- cow and pig grease in rifles
2. Seizure of Oudh- cultural disrespect
3. Declining status of sepoys
4. Christian missionaries spreading religion
500
How has Belgian Imperialism in the Congo affected Congo's development?
Lower life expectancy, lower literacy rate, higher infant mortality, lower GDP per capita
Result of money being used to take resources out rather than investing in education, hospitals, etc.
500
What MAIN cause of World War is shown by the quote below and why?
In case Italy should be attacked by France for any reason whatsoever, the two other Contracting Parties (Germany and Austria) shall be bound to lend help and assistance with all their forces. This same obligation shall devolve upon Italy in case of any aggression without direct provocation by France against Germany.
Alliances- Calling for allied nations to help in the case that one is attacked (Italy and Germany agree to help the other if France attacks)
500
Explain the importance of the Battle of Amiens
Start of the Hundred Days Allied Offensive- use of combined arms (tanks, artillery, aircraft, soldiers) to break through trenches
Helped bring about the end of the war
500
Explain at least 2 other provisions of the Treaty of Versailles except for Article 231
1. Germany gives up all overseas possessions
2. Germany must demobilize its army except for about 10 divisions
3. Germany must give land to France that they originally took in 1871
4. All importation of weapons into Germany is prohibited
5. Germany can no longer have naval or air forces
500
Explain how this quote shows one of the long-term causes of the Russian Revolution:
...There could not have been revolutionary consciousness among the workers. It would have to be brought to them from without...The working class is able to develop only trade union consciousness, i.e., the conviction that it is necessary to combine in unions, fight the employers, etc. The theory of socialism, however, grew out of the economic theories of intellectuals.
Change in Marxism to Leninism- the idea that the workers will not reach revolution alone, must be brought there by a vanguard of party intellectuals