Qing China & Trade
What was the Qing Dynaty's policy toward foreign trade at first?
They limited trade and followed a policy of isolation.
What was the Opium War and who won?
Opium War:
- A war between Britain and China over the sale of opium
Who won:
- the British
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
An uprising by Chinese nationalists who wanted to remove foreign influence
What was the Tokugawa Shogunate and what was their foreign policy?
Tokugawa Shogunate:
- A military government that ruled Japan before the Meiji Restoration.
Foreign Policy:
- Strict isolationism
Why did Japan want to become an imperial power (3 reasons)?
- To become an international power
- Gain raw materials for industrialization
- Obtain more ports and markets for trade
What port did the Qing emperor open to foreigners?
Canton (Guangzhou)
What were the main terms of the Treaty of Nanjing?
- China paid Britain money
- More ports are opened for foreign trade
- Europeans given extraterritorial rights
- Great Britain is given Hong Kong.
What is nationalism?
- Pride and loyalty to one’s country.
- The belief that your country should be ruled by people of the same race, ethnicity, religion, etc as you
Who was Commodore Mathew Perry? Who sent Perry and why?
Commodore Mathew Perry:
- A U.S. naval officer
Who sent Perry:
- President Millard Fillmore or the United States
Why was Perry sent:
- To open up Japan to foreign influence and trade
Who did Japan fight in the Russo-Japanese War? Why was the war fought?
Japan fought:
- Russia
Fought because:
- Japan interested Korea.
-Russians have territory in Manchuria and Japan thought this was too close to their sphere of influence
What did the British want from China?
Tea and trade access
What are extraterritorial rights?
When foreigners are not subject to the laws of the country they are living in.
How was the Boxer Rebellion an example of nationalism?
The Boxers wanted to protect China from foreign control and influence.
What was the Treaty of Kanagawa and what did it do?
What is it:
- A treaty signed between the U.S. and Japan.
What it did:
- Opened Japanese ports for foreign trade
- Gave Americans and Europeans extraterritorial rights
What was the result of the Russo-Japanese war and why is the war important?
Result:
Japan defeated Russia
- Japan colonized and annexed Korea
- Japan seen as a world power
Important:
- First time that an Asian country defeated a European country
Why did the British begin selling opium in China?
Britain was buying a lot of Chinese tea, but the Chinese weren't interested in any British goods. The British sold China opium to fix this balance of trade.
What is a sphere of influence?
An area where a foreign country has economic or political control.
What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion?
- Qing dynasty greatly weakened
- China was defeated by foreign powers
- China had to pay money to the British for "damages"
- Officials that supported the rebellion were executed
What happened to the shogun after the Treaty of Kanagawa? Why?
What happened:
- The Japanese rebelled and he lost power
Why:
- The Japanese were angry
- The Japanese believed he was weak for giving in to foreigners
What ways did Japan modernize during the Meiji Restoration? (Government, and military reforms)
Government: Centralized government, created a constitution, adapted legal codes (equal before law, religious freedom)
Military: Used guns, cannons, and coal powered ships, conscription (mandatory 3 year military service for Japanese men)
What happened to the Chinese population when Britain sold opium?
- Many people became addicted
- Hurt Chinese families
- Weakened the government
- Increase in crime
How did China try to stop the sale of opium?
- Confiscated and destroyed opium
- Shut down opium dens
- Executed dealers
- Wrote letter to Queen Victoria asking for Great Britain to stop selling it
Why did Empress Cixi resist Western influence in China?
She believed Western ideas threatened traditional Chinese culture and authority
What was the Meiji Restoration?
- The return of power to the emperor
- The beginning of modernization and westernization in Japan.
Technological: Railroad tracks and modern bridges built, more Western Architecture, telegraph lines and national postal service, modern banking system, rapid industrialization
Cultural: School attendance is required, opportunities for foreign higher education or technical training, wear western clothing