Imperialism
Name at least 3 imperializing countries who were involved in the Berlin Conference.
Ex. France, Belgium, Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Denmark, Netherlands, Russia
Where does opium come from? (What plant?)
Poppies
What is the Berlin Conference? What was its aim?
The meeting in Berlin, Germany that effectively divided Africa under European control. Its aim was to keep European nations from fighting over colonies and territory in Africa.
Name one way Japan westernized during the Meiji Restoration
New clothing, better technology, better weapons, more industry, more use of imperialism
Who is Toussaint Louverture?
He famously led the 19th century slave revolt in Saint Domingue (Haiti) against Napoleon & his French brigade.
Define imperialism
When a less-developed country is controlled by a stronger country, politically & economically.
Define nationalism. How does it relate to the Age of Imperialism?
Nationalism: the belief that one's greatest loyalty should be to one's country; an intense pride in one's language and culture.
Colonies were seen as representing a nation's power; in competing with other nations to prove themselves to be the best, European nations competed to have control of the most colonies.
What European nation held the most territory during the Age of Imperialism?
Great Britain (U.K.)
Why did Britain refer to India as the "Jewel in the Crown"?
India was the most valuable colony due to its large populations, large markets, and abundance of raw materials/natural resources.
Which 18th century intellectual movement strongly emphasized rationale, critical thinking, and logic?
The Enlightenment
Define the White Man's Burden
European countries and America believing it was their duty to "civilize" the people of Africa
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
A martial arts-focused, Chinese rebel group fought back violently against foreign influence in China
What country/king colonized the Congo initially?
- King Leopold II (owned colony as a private citizen).
- Territory taken over by Belgian government due to horrific human rights abuses (ex. severed limbs and death).
Which rebellion was held as a result of the Opium trade continuing in China?
The Boxer Rebellion
Name at least 1 Enlightenment philosopher we have discussed in class.
John Locke
Montesquieu
Mary Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
Rousseau
Hobbes
What is a colony?
A country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power
Victims of imperialism have tried to fight back against their foreign imperializers many times. Which side usually wins? Why?
The foreigners usually win because most of the time they are more advanced and have better weapons.
How were borders decided in Africa at the Berlin Conference?
They were formed by the European nations claiming land rather than the natural or culture borders that previously existed.
What was the Meiji Restoration?
A period in Japan when the country modernized and become more like powerful western nations
Who was the revolutionary leader whose goal was to get rid of Spanish rule and create a large, united Latin America?
Simon Bolivar
What did England take control of as a result of the Opium Wars?
Hong Kong
How did the Industrial Revolution influence imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution allowed for more products to be made at a faster pace. This meant excess goods were produced that needed to be sold in new markets (outside of the country). It also meant that to keep production up, raw materials needed to be acquired. Through imperialism, industrialized nations sought to expand into new markets to sell their products into non-industrialized nations and to acquire raw materials from them.
Which export (raw material) was the Congo most known for?
The Congo was known for its rubber.
What is the name of the rebellion led by Indian military members against the British East India company to demonstrate anger towards treatment of Indians by British soldiers and imperialism?
The Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny
Provide at least 2 effects of European imperialism/colonialism in Africa.
- Cultural genocide
- millions enslaved
- natives losing their land & freedoms/rights
- technological advancements: steamboats, cables, medicine, etc.
- economic growth