Causes of Imperialism
What is the difference between a protectorate and a sphere of influence?
Protectorate has own government with policy controlled by imperial power. Sphere of influence = trading rights.
What happened at the Berlin Conference?
European countries divided or "carved up" Africa to make colonies
How did Britain get a foothold in India?
The East India Trading Company (trade) and military force
Explain the difference in how imperialism panned out in China and Japan
China - sphere of influence - forced to trade with other countries
Japan industrialized to become world power
Who was Matthew Perry (besides the actor from Friends)?
American sent to Japan to convince them to trade with the U.S.
How did militarism fuel the imperial fire?
Technological advances allow more advanced countries to impose their will on less advanced countries.
Who was King Leopold and why is he infamous today?
King Leopold of Belgium
Cruel colonial leader of the Congo in Africa
What was the last straw leading to the Sepoy Rebellion?
A rumor spread that rifle bullets would be greased with the fat of cows and pigs
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
Boxers (Chinese super-patriots) rebelling against European imperialism, forcing other countries to fight them together
Who did Japan sign a treaty with in which they agreed to trade?
The United States
How did nationalism play into imperialism?
"We're better than you" mindset
Answers can vary.
What was the main form of punishment in used by King Leopold in the Congo?
Amputation
cows are sacred to Hindus
Muslims forbidden to touch pork
How did Britain get a foothold in China for trading?
They smuggled opium into China from India
The Japanese shogun was overthrown, taken over by Mutsuhito, and supported by what warrior group?
Samurai
Describe the meaning and implications of The White Man’s Burden.
It is the European “duty” to “civilize” the “savages” of Africa and Asia
Believed whites were naturally superior, their advanced civilizations “proved” that
Which groups of people fought each other in the Boer War?
Dutch Afrikaners (Boers) and the British
What was the purpose of the Indian National Congress?
to have a political voice and peacefully protest from within the government
What was the Open Door Policy?
Trading idea written by John Hay that gave equal trading rights to all countries within China
What influenced Japan to trade with the U.S.?
They saw what happened to China during the Opium Wars.
Explain 2 humanitarian factors of imperialism.
schools, convert to Christianity, etc.
"Civilize the uncivilized"
European's duty to do so
Describe the Scorched Earth Policy.
a military strategy of burning or destroying crops or other resources that might be of use to an invading enemy force
Explain the outcome of the rebellion?
Mass executions of Indians
Britain institutes a viceroy
Britain forced the change of agriculture (wheat to cotton)
Describe the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion.
Boxers lose, China pays reparations, China must trade with European countries
There were 4 ways in which Japan modernized their country. Name at least 2 ways.
started a parliamentary government
strengthened and modernized its military
began universal education
industrialized the country (railroads, telegraphs, etc.)