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Theories of Reinforcement & Punishment
Extinction
Schedules of Reinforcement
Reinforcement
Schedules of Reinforcement
100
This theory proposes an event is reinforcing to the extent that it is associated with a reduction in some type of physiological drive
What is drive (need) reduction theory?
100
Responses that require more effort or less effort diminish more quickly during extinction?
What is more effort?
100
An employee receives a reward for his work, but the reinforcement is only awarded for the first response after the end of the pay period.
What is a fixed interval schedule?
100
Innate reinforcers such as food and water that diminish a biological need are
What are primary reinforcers?
100
This type of reinforcement schedule is used to maintain an established behavior
What is intermittent reinforcement?
200
This theory proposes that punishment occurs because of operant and respondent conditioning?
What is two-process theory?
200
This schedule of reinforcement is more resistant to extinction
What is intermittent reinforcement?
200
These types of schedules produce consistent and steady rates of behavior
What are variable schedules?
200
This learning procedures utilizes reinforcement to guide a response in closer and closer approximations to a desired behavior
What is shaping?
200
These types of schedules produce higher rates of responding
What are ratio schedules?
300
This theory proposes that any restriction on a normally occurring behavior occurs, then access to that behavior can be a reinforcer (even for high probability behaviors)
What is response deprivation theory?
300
This is a sudden reappearance of a response after a period of extinction
What is spontaneous recovery?
300
Reinforcement is contingent on the continuous performance of a behavior for a period of time in these schedules
What are duration schedules?
300
A specific sequence of discrete responses that when linked together in close temporal succession produce a terminal outcome
What is a stimulus response chain?
300
These types of schedules tend to produce responding that occurs in a pause and burst pattern
What are fixed schedules?
400
This theory proposes that access to a behavior might be the true reinforcer.
What is the Premack Principle?
400
The reappearance of a previously reinforced response when a more recently reinforced response is extinguished.
What is resurgence?
400
Cindy raises her hand excessively in class. If it has been at least 20 minutes since the last time Cindy raised her hand, her teacher will call on her. This is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule
What is differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL)?
400
Shaping involves these 2 components
What are reinforcement of approximations closer to the terminal behavior and extinction of responses further away from the terminal behavior?
400
These schedules involve providing reinforcers independent of when behavior occurs
What are noncontingent reinforcement schedules?
500
This theory proposes that a highly probable behaviors can reinforce less probably behaviors. Also known as Grandma's Rule.
What is the Premack Principle?
500
The opposing team notices Steven always throwing to Gary, and start running a defense with more men on Gary. Steven can’t complete a pass to Garrett with the extra coverage, and starts throwing to Tom instead. This is an example of which extinction effect
What is extinction-induced variability?
500
This schedule produces a high rate of response near the end of the specified time period, with a drop in response after the reinforcer has been given.
What is a fixed interval schedule?
500
Each component in a stimulus-response chain serves these two functions (with the exception of the first and last components)
What is a conditioned reinforcer for the previous response and a discriminative stimulus for the next response?
500
This explains how responding equals the availability of reinforcement on concurrent schedules
What is the matching law?