Exercise Physiology
What is the primary energy system used during a 10-second sprint?
Phosphagen (ATP-PCr) system
What does the acronym "GXT" stand for?
Graded exercise test
What nutrient is the body's main source of energy during moderate to high intensity exercise?
Carbohydrates
What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber?
Sarcomere
What are the ages for men and women that automatically become a risk factor?
Men >/= 45 years old, women >/= 55 years old
During steady-state exercise, what term describes the point where lactate production equals lactate clearance?
Lactate threshold
What does the acronym RPE stand for?
How many calories are in one gram of fat?
9 kcal
Which ion is essential for triggering muscle contraction?
Calcium (Ca2+)
Current cigarette smoker or those who quit within the previous 6 months
What muscle fiber type has the highest oxidative capacity?
Type I (slow-twitch) fibers
According to ACSM, how long should you hold a static stretch?
10 to 30 seconds
According to ACSM, when should athletes consume carbohydrates after exercise to optimize glycogen recovery?
Within 30 minutes after exercise
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down ATP during muscle contraction?
Myosin ATPase
What is considered NOT a sedentary lifestyle? (minutes, days, and months)
Exercise for 30 minutes, 3 days a weeks, for the past 3 months
According to the Fick equation, VO2 = ______ x (a-VO2 difference)
Cardiac output (Q)
What is the RPE range corresponding to moderate-intensity exercise on the Borg 6-20 scale?
12 to 13
What vitamin is made by the body when exposed to sunlight?
Vitamin D
During eccentric contractions, does the muscle lengthen or shorten under tension?
Lengthen
What value must HDL be for it to become a negative risk factor?
>/= 60
What physiological mechanism explains how increased end-diastolic volume leads to a stronger contraction?
Frank-Starling mechanism
During a graded exercise test, what does a "plateau in VO2 despite increased workload" indicate?
Achievement of true VO2max
What structural variation in fatty acid chemistry differentiates saturated and unsaturated fats?
Double bond
What is the term for the delay between a muscle action potential and the start of contraction?
Latent period
What 2 factors would make hypertension a risk factor?
Systolic blood pressure >/= 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >/= 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medication