Verbal Operants
Leah stands up in the middle of play and points to her snack bin. Karen knows Leah typically never eats lunch, let alone snacks throughout the day, so she offers different toys on the shelf close to the snack bin. Leah continues standing, says "ookie" and points to the bin again. Karen has never heard such a close approximation so she immediately vocally praises her and honors Leah's request by presenting her with a cookie. What operant is this an example of?
Mand
Katy is working with Seth on identifying his family members with 2D pictures. Seth is having a tricky time differentiating between his mom, Chelsea, and his grandma, Shawn. Katy presents the SD, "find mom," and waits for 3 seconds for Seth to respond before using her pointer finger to direct Seth to the picture of his mom. What prompt level is this?
Gesture Prompt
Forward Chain
Your client is not appropriately identifying an item she's motivated for and has continuously refused several known preferred items. The BIP doesn't list a specific protocol for this scenario. What can you do?
A. Continue asking, "What do you want to work for?"
B. Wait for the client to display motivation
C. Collect preferred items and model appropriate play in her surrounding environment
C (Even if a client has acquired the skill of manding appropriately, our clients display variable performance for a variety of reasons and factors. If we can help them connect their words with their motivation during a tough moment, why not do that, right?!)
Tangible and intangible objects or actions that are used to increase the occurrence of a certain behavior
Reinforcer
Zeegan has started identifying his cat, Borus, as "mow-mow." He doesn't particularly desire Borus's attention or physical affection, but when Borus enters a room that Zeegan is in or when Zeegan is carried into his own room to be changed, he might see Borus laying in his crib and say, "mow-mow." What operant is this an example of?
Tact
Partial Physical Prompt
Trevor has been physically refusing his teeth being brushed at home for the past several months and recently graduated out of a toothbrushing desensitization program where he tolerated his teeth being brushed for 2 min by his therapist, Kristy. Now, it's time to practice the specific steps of appropriate toothbrushing. Kristy has been informed by her BCBA that Trevor would most benefit from Kristy prompting every step leading up until the last one, putting his toothbrush away, which he should do independently. What type of chain is this?
Backward Chain
- For a client who is potty training and wearing underwear around the clinic, her therapist would ensure she was wearing pants if necessary to walk by a door or open window to the public.
- For a client of a different ethnicity that his therapist was unfamiliar with, his therapist might specifically ask his BCBA if there were any modifications or cultural practices his client engaged in throughout the day that he should be aware of.
- For a client engaged in a challenging behavior with pants falling down as he's lowered to a prone position on the mat, a support person would quickly pull his pants back up and cover his body.
What are these examples of?
Client Dignity
Presenting a consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited making the behavior less likely to happen again in the future
Positive punishment
Echoic
Maqenzi is struggling following Miss Amanda's directions today and is exhibiting behaviors that would suggest she was feeling sad about cleaning up toys. Miss Amanda has already given the SD, "clean up toys," and Maqenzi is vocally refusing as well as continuing to play with Polly Pocket dolls. Miss Amanda has already tried to point to the toys, pick up Maqenzi's elbow to release a toy in the box, however neither attempts were successful. At this point, she knows she'll have to place her hand over Maqenzi's hand to help her pick up and release the toys in their box. What prompt level is this?
Full Physical Prompt
Total Task is another name for this type of Task Analysis....
Whole Chain
Ali is working with her client, Cheyenne, running mostly mastered skills, using behavior momentum to appropriately set Cheyenne up for success, then every now and then running an acquisition target. Ali thinks she should be running about 70% mastered skills and 30% acquisition skills within her work sessions, but she isn't completely sure. Is she correct?
No. 80/20
When a certain desired stimulus/item is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future
Negative punishment
Seth is attempting to probe safety information with his novel client but also remain pairing in order to gain instructional control. His client, Richard, is very motivated to continue talking with Seth about all his very favorite things, like numbers. Seth uses this opportunity to ask, "What numbers are in your phone number?!" Richard answers with "812-345-6789." What operant is this an example of?
Intraverbal
1. Full Physical/Full Verbal
2. Partial Physical/Partial Verbal
3. Gestural
4. Model
5. Independent
When prompts are utilized in this sequence, what type of prompting hierarchy are you implementing?
Most to Least Intrusive Prompting
Leah is probing a skill with her new client, Billy Bob. Billy Bob's mother has reported that he is able to wash his hands independently but sometimes will forget steps or get distracted. Leah wants to observe Billy Bob's actual ability to independently complete handwashing steps so when he steps up to the sink, Leah casually hovers over Billy's hands just in case she's needed, but allows him time to independently respond to each step. When she is needed, she jumps in with the least intrusive prompt necessary to elicit the correct step. What type of prompting is Leah using in this Whole Chain probe?
Graduated Guidance
Mackenzie is super excited to be hanging out with her little bestie client, Sam. She remembers from past experience, that Sam struggles with tablework and anything that doesn't feel like she's playing. Mackenzie makes it a goal to focus on using her surroundings as teaching opportunities and continue to incorporate play activities while learning. What is this an example of?
NET
Presenting a stimulus following an appropriate behavior in order to increase the likelihood of that behavior being exhibited more frequently in the future.
Positive Reinforcement
Chelsea's mom reports that Chelsea struggles with being given a specific instruction and responding appropriately based on that instruction. For example, when Chelsea hears, "Sit down," she might walk to the shelf and stand there. What operant is Chelsea struggling with?
Listener Response
Error Correction
Pam, a BCBA, is focusing on reducing prompt dependency with her client, Jamie. She has observed Jamie's ability to independently respond across several targets, but for some reason, Jamie's latency to respond when placed with a motor imitation SD is longer than most targets. Jamie has displayed inconsistent independence with clapping her hands so Pam decides to allow 3-5 seconds before she goes in with a gesture. Jamie doesn't respond, so Pam moves to a partial physical and Jamie completes the response independently. What sequence of prompting did Pam use?
Least Intrusive Prompt Sequence
A novel therapist, Betty, is struggling to meet her client's mand goal of 150 mands per day. She realizes that when she goes to write her note, she has to have a minimum of 150 mands clicked or she cannot include mand data on her daily note. Panicked, she begins to click in the last 10 mands, 5 prompted, 5 spontaneous. She was already at 140, what's 10 more? She's pretty sure she missed some along the way anyway.
What is this an example of?
Falsifying Data
A cue that signals reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response
Discriminative stimulus