PNEUMOCONIOSIS
______ is a group of restrictive interstitial lung diseases caused by the inhalation of certain substances (mainly dusts) that often affect miners and agricultural workers
Pneumoconiosis
Mesothelioma is associated with ____pleural effusion.
Exudative (hemorrhagic)
______ is pre-specified legal instructions from the patient used to guide medical decision-making (umbrella term).
Advanced directive
_______is a type of palliative care specifically given to patients at the end of their life (<6months).
Hospice
Which alveolar cell type secretes surfactant?
Type II pneumocytes
Pneumoconiosis in association with rheumatoid arthritis is called ______
Caplan syndrome
Name one of the biomarkers that indicates mesothelioma.
Calretinin and cytokeratin
A(n) _________ informs medical staff in a hospital or nursing facility that you do not want CPR or other life-support measures to be attempted if your heartbeat and breathing stop.
DNR
______is a procedure that removes pleural fluid for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. It is used to relieve symptoms (e.g., dyspnea) and/or obtain pleural fluid for analysis
Thoracentesis
Which alveolar cell type is the most abundant?
Type I pneumocytes
A milder exposure to the same pollutant that causes coal worker's pneumoconiosis is called ____.
Anthracosis
What is the *most* common complication of asbestosis
Lung cancer (bronchogenic carcinoma) not mesothelioma!!!
_____ is a legal document through which an individual designates a surrogate to make specific health care decisions.
Durable medical power of attorney
When performing a thoracentesis, which neurovascular bundle are you trying to avoid (in order from superior to inferior)?
Intercostal vein, artery, and nerve (VAN)
This pneumoconiosis predisposes patients to TB by impairing phagolysosome fusion in macrophages
Silicosis
Which of the pneumoconiosis has the same histological finding as sarcoidosis
Berylliosis (non-caseating granulomas)
Name one kind of asbestos that’s strongly associated with malignant mesothelioma
Amosite and crocidolite
Name three goals of hospice care
Dignity, comfort, pain relief, prioritization of positive effects over negative effects
Name the structures that are pierced via thoracentesis in order of superficial to deep.
Skin-->Subcutaneous fat-->External intercostal-->Internal intercostal-->innermost intercostal -->parietal pleura-->pleural cavity
Name three parameters that can be used to differentiate transudative from exudative effusions.
Protein/albumin, LDH, cell count, cholesterol
This histological finding is characteristic of which type of pneumoconiosis
Asbestosis (asbestos bodies - long golden brown fibers associated with iron, look like dumbells)
Name this histological finding
Psammoma body
What is the order of priority in surrogate decision making
Spouse, children, parents, siblings (spouse, chips in)
Which oxygen delivery method is first line for conditions with high oxygen requirements
Non-rebreather masks
In restrictive lung disease, which of the following would not be seen
TLC decreased, FVC decreased, FEV1 decreased, or FEV1/FVC decreased
FEV1/FVC ratio is either normal or increased in restrictive lung disease