Define it!
Modules 1-8
Modules 1-8
The smallest chemical unit of matter.
Atom
M1 SG #1a
Atoms have the same properties when they are part of a molecule.
False
M1 OYO #1.1
When water evaporates, it does this to the surface it is touching.
Cools it
M2 p.26
The sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number
Q4 #1a
The planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are considered to be the outer planets.
True
Q3 #18b
The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are considered to be the ____ planets. (Inner or Outer)
Inner planets
Q3 #18a
Two or more atoms linked together to make a substance with unique properties.
Molecule
Q1 #1a
The metric system is used throughout the world as the measurement system of standard units.
True
M1 p.8
This gas makes up the majority of the air we inhale.
Nitrogen
Q1 #10
Any speed that is faster than the speed of sound in the substance of interest
Supersonic speed
Q4 #1f
The strongest fundamental force is the gravitational force.
False
(It is the strong force, which is responsible for holding the center of the atom – the nucleus – together; its range is very small)
Q3 #15b
What is the weakest fundamental force?
The gravitational force
(always an attractive force; any two objects that have mass are attracted to one another by the gravitational force that exists between them)
Q3 #15a
A substance made of billions and billions of one type of atom.
Element
M1 p. 5
To use the factor-label method, you need to know the conversion relationship between units.
True
M1 p. 13
The ozone in the ozone layer is considered an essential substance because it blocks something harmful. What is it?
The sun’s ultraviolet rays
M2 p.46
Friction that opposes the initiation of motion
Static friction
Q3 #1e
Sound waves are transverse waves.
False
(Sound waves are longitudinal waves.)
Q4 #10
Order the three constituent parts of the atom in terms of their size, from smallest to largest.
Electron, proton, and neutron
(electrons are significantly smaller, and the neutron is just slightly heavier than the proton)
Q4 #2
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solvent
Q1 #1e
We exhale more carbon dioxide than oxygen.
False
Q1 #11
The mass of air surrounding a planet.
Atmosphere
M3 SG #1a
The amount of charge that travels past a fixed point in an electric circuit each second
Electrical current
Q3 #1g
The sun gets its power from nuclear fusion that occurs in its core.
True
Q4 #21
Why do jets travel at speeds of Mach 1 or higher only in sparsely populated regions?
To avoid sonic booms close to people or buildings
(A jet traveling at Mach 1+up creates a shock wave of air, causing a very loud boom that can damage buildings and people’s ears.)
Q4 #12
Evaporation of water from plants
Transpiration
Q2 #1a
The air was much cleaner 30 years ago than it is today.
False
Q1 #12
The term for energy that is transferred as a consequence of temperature differences.
Heat
M3 SG #1j
A physical measurement that contains directional information
Vector quantity
Q3 #1a
The three types of radioactive particles, in the order of their ability to travel through matter, are: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
True
(Alpha particles pass through the least amount of matter before stopping, beta particles are next, and gamma rays pass through the most matter before stopping)
Q4 #7
You run north with a beanbag in your hands. The moment you pass a tree, you drop the beanbag. The beanbag lands: 1) next to 2) north of, or 3) south of the tree.
North of the tree (Newton’s 1st Law: its velocity keeps going in the same direction)
Q3 #8
The way in which the rotation of the earth bends the path of winds, sea currents, and objects that fly through different latitudes
Coriolis effect
Q2 #1f
The three main factors that affect earth’s weather are thermal energy, uneven distribution of energy, and water vapor in the atmosphere
True
Q2 #14
What causes the magnetic field of the earth?
The magnetic field is caused by a large amount of electrical flow in the core.
Q2 #9
The time rate of change of an object’s velocity
Acceleration
Q3 #1c
Sound waves cause air to oscillate. Light waves oscillate a magnetic field and an electric field.
True
(The magnetic field and electric field oscillate perpendicular to each other, as well as perpendicular to the direction of travel)
Q4 #14
A man leans up against a wall with a force of 20 Newtons to the east. What is the force exerted by the wall on the man?
20 Newtons west
(equal and opposite of the man’s force… according to Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion)
Q3 #12