Geopolitical Shifts
This 1947 event triggered the displacement of approximately 14 to 15 million people across South Asia.
What is the Partition of India?
The Gulf War and Middle East instability severely inflated India's import bill for this vital resource.
What is crude oil?
This term was used to describe the suffocating system of state controls and red tape that hindered Indian businesses prior to 1991.
What are emerging markets?
Widespread student protests erupted in 1990 over a policy reserving government jobs for "Other Backward Classes" (OBCs), based on the recommendations of this commission.
What is the Mandal Commission?
The collapse of this global superpower in 1991 forced India to urgently recalibrate its defense and trade strategies.
What is the Soviet Union (USSR)
The Gulf War and Middle East instability severely inflated India's import bill for this vital resource.
What is three weeks?
In the LPG model, the "G" stands for Globalization, which included opening India up to FDI, an acronym for this economic term.
What is Foreign Direct Investment?
The 1984 assassination of Indira Gandhi occurred in the aftermath of this specific military action.
What is Operation Blue Star?
Iraq’s invasion of Iran was partly motivated by the desire to seize this specific oil-rich border region.
What is Khuzestan?
The evacuation of Indian expatriates from the Middle East cut off this crucial flow of foreign currency back into the Indian economy.
What are remittances?
This architect of the 1991 reforms served as Finance Minister under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao.
Who is Dr. Manmohan Singh?
The 1991 assassination of Rajiv Gandhi during an election campaign temporarily ended the political dominance of this family.
What is the Nehru-Gandi family?
To compensate for lost Cold War alliances, India implemented this 1992 diplomatic strategy to cultivate relationships with countries like Singapore and Vietnam.
What is the "Look East" policy
India was forced to fundamentally restructure its economy to secure an emergency bailout from this international financial institution.
What is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
This pillar of the LPG reforms involves selling off state-owned, public sector businesses to independent companies.
What is Privatization?
Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by the LTTE, a militant group originating from this neighboring island nation.
What is Sri Lanka
During the Iran-Iraq War, India maintained a neutral diplomatic stance as a leader in this international organization.
What is the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)?
This term was used to describe the suffocating system of state controls and red tape that hindered Indian businesses prior to 1991.
What is the "License Raj"
The "L" in LPG stands for Liberalization, which specifically aimed to remove these two types of barriers from the business sector.
What are government controls and regulations
The end of single-party dominance in the 1990s led to an era characterized by this fragile type of government structure.
What are the coalition governments?