Origins and Purpose
This year marked the enactment of the Indian Act
what is 1876
Under the original Indian Act, who was considered an "Indian"
Any male person of Indian blood reputed to belong to a particular band, and his children and wife
Which 1985 amendment to the Indian Act aimed to restore Indian status to women who lost it due to discriminatory provisions
Bill C-31
What was the primary goal of the Indian residential school system?
To assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture
Which Canadian monarch's reign coincided with the enactment of the Indian Act
Queen Victoria
Which section of the Indian Act disenfranchised Indigenous women who married non-Indigenous men?
Section 12(1)(b)
What was the impact of Bill C-31 on the Indian Register
It added over 100,000 people who had lost their status due to discriminatory provisions
Which Indigenous group was specifically targeted by the Potlatch Law?
Indigenous peoples of British Columbia
The Indian Act was a consolidation of which earlier acts
The Gradual Civilization Act and the Gradual Enfranchisement Act
What was the "Second-Generation Cut-Off" rule introduced by Bill C-31
A rule preventing individuals from passing on status to their children if one parent is not entitled to register
Which activist's efforts were instrumental in the passing of Bill C-31
Mary Two-Axe Earley
What was the effect of the Indian Act on traditional Indigenous governance structures?
It imposed a band council system that undermined traditional leadership roles
Which government department was responsible for administering the Indian Act
The Department of Indian Affairs
Which religious ceremonies were banned under the Indian Act amendments of 1885 and 1895
The Potlatch and the Sun Dance
What did Bill C-31 change about the definition of "Indian"?
It replaced the concept of "Indian blood" with one of status through registration
How did the Indian Act affect Indigenous peoples' access to legal representation
A 1927 amendment forbade First Nations from retaining a lawyer to make a claim against Canada
Which Indigenous groups were excluded from the Indian Act upon its inception
Métis and Inuit
What was the purpose of the Indian Act's enfranchisement provisions
To encourage Indigenous peoples to assimilate into Canadian society by relinquishing their Indian status
What was the main criticism of the Second-Generation Cut-Off rule?
It disproportionately affected women and created a two-tier system of registration
What is the Indian Register?
The official record of people registered under the Indian Act, known as status Indians