Rise 1
What was the event that sparked the British to take complete control of India? (Include date)
Sepoy Mutiny (1857)
What were the 2 main groups that contributed to Indian voice being heard in govt? (and bonus, when were they formed?)
Indian National Congress - 1885
Muslim League - 1906
Random thing I didn't have space to put in - Lahore resolution 1940 was Muslim Leagues first formal start to Pakistan
Which peaceful movement led to the mass movement of the 1930s
Salt March - 60K ppl arrested
Who were Gandhi and Jinnah, and what did they stand for?
Gandhi was leader of INC, stood for non-violence
Jinnah was leader of Muslim League, wanted Pakistan
Which country became a republic (got a constitution) first? Include date/s
India: 1950
Pakistan: 1956
What did the 1919 Govt act of India do?
Gave some responsibilities to Indian ministers in the provinces, Britain kept control of policies and justice
What and when was direct action day/great calcutta killing?
Strike/communal violence in India, initiated by ML to demand a separate Pakistan. 1946
True or False, the Royal Indian Navy was considered a peaceful branch of military
False - it had a significant amount of mutiny
What was a big problem that came with the partition (in both)?
Mass migration of the different religions
How many Indian soldiers fought and died in WW1 (within the nearest 10,000 is fine)
1.4 million soldiers, 65,000 died
When was the Sepoy mutiny, why did it start, and what did it cause?
1857, enfield rifles used cartridges with pork/cow fat on them that had to be licked, which went against the religions (Muslim + Hindu), caused Government of India act 1858, which meant India was directly under British crown rule
How did economic factors heighten tension between Hindus and Muslims?
Muslims were typically of lower castes that Hindus
What did the Muslim League do to increase support for separate states?
Put pressure on Britain and appealed to popular fears and prejudices.
At partition, what % of industries were in India?
Bonus question: What type of economy dominated Pakistan?
more than 90%
agriculture
What did the Civil Disobedience Movement come from?
Gandhi's salt march
What was the Atlantic Charter, and how did it impact Indian Independence movement?
1941 Policy outlining the allied goals after WW2, excluded India, which accelerated nationalism and united India against hypocritical Britain.
Give 2 examples of violent methods, and 2 of non-violent methods.
Violent:
Punjab and Bengal Riots (1946-47)
WW2 - caused INC ministries to resign bc of forced conscription
Indian National Army
Direct action day 1946 - ML fought hard for Pakistan
Non-Violent:
Gandhi's leadership - Salt March 1930
Quit India Movement - nationwide protests
Non-cooperation Movement - boycott of British/international stuff
Why was the ML in a strong bargaining position after WW2?
They agreed to the Cripps' mission/they sent soldiers to fight for Britain
Who assassinated Gandhi, when, and what right wing was he part of/what did they stand for?
Godse, 1948, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) - Hindu extremist group
What did the Cripps mission suggest would happen after the war? when was it? what did this do to the movement?
Independence. 1942. It increased nationalism because INC and Gandhi (still with no power) started the Quit India Movement
What were the Morley-Minto Reforms? and when?
British policy that increased Indian representation in govt - 1909
What was the Rowlatt Satyagraha?
Gandhi strategically supported this nationwide campaign in 1919 that united Indians in protesting the Rowlatt Act, combining petitions, strikes, and limited civil disobedience to challenge colonial authority.
This is actually a challenges question: How many princely states were in India?
550
In India: what was introduced to promote economic growth?
In Pakistan: how did the cold war increase the power of the military?
5 year plans
US supplied them with military and financial aid