Karst
What is a depression on the surface called when it is a result of eroding sediments below the surface?
What does a glacier act like as it moves across the land?
What is a bulldozer?
What is the difference between constructive and destructive forces?
Constructive create new landforms while destructive damage or destroy existing landforms.
What is a sediment?
A broken down fragment of rock or stone.
Explain how a glacier acts like a bulldozer.
A glacier acts like a bulldozer because it pushes the dirt and soil on the front edge forward until it stops. Then it deposits the soil in that location as the glacier melts.
List the types of water soluble stone found in Indiana.
What is limestone and gypsum.
These parts of Indiana were impacted by glaciers on the surface.
What is northern and central Indiana.
How is a landslide both constructive and destructive?
A landslide is destructive at the top where sediments have shifted down, while the new resting location of the sediments is constructive.
What is bedrock?
Bedrock is the solid stone that is located underneath the top layer of loose soil.
Explain why there must be flowing water for karst topography to occur?
The water must be flowing in order to erode the dissolved rock and in order to deposit dissolved minerals to make karst formations.
What is the difference between a stalactite and a stalagmite?
Stalactites grow down from the ceiling while stalagmites grow up from the ground.
What are the requirements to be classified as a glacier?
To be a glacier the ice must be on land and moving.
List at least four weathering agents.
Weathering agents include wind, water, vegetation, gravity, ice, human activity.
Define what it means if a stone is "water soluble".
It means the stone can be dissolved by acidic water.
Explain how forces involved with sand dunes are both constructive and destructive.
Wind will erode the grains of sand off of one dune damaging the dune. Then the same wind will deposit the grains of sand in a new location creating a new dune or adding to an existing one.
What is being deposited while cave formations are "growing"?
Dissolved minerals are being deposited to create cave formations.
What are the two types of glaciers called and where are they found.
Continental glaciers are found across lower elevations.
Alpine glaciers are found in mountainous areas.
List at least four erosion agents.
Erosion agents include wind, water, gravity, ice, or animals.
What is topography?
Topography is the mapping of the land's physical features.
Explain how glaciers of the past have made Indiana soil fertile and excellent for agriculture.
Glaciers of the past have been largely beneficial to Indiana in terms of agriculture by initially flattening the land making farming easier. Secondly, and more importantly, glaciers brought mixtures of different soils and ground nutrients to the area allowing crops the ability to thrive.
Explain why karst is only found in southern Indiana AND why it is not possible in the central and northern regions.
Southern Indiana is the only region of the state that has an abundance of water soluble rock that can be dissolved by acidic water.
How does studying a glacier map help give information about Indiana's history during the last ice age?
Studying the map allows scientists to analyze how certain landforms were created and what may have caused the land to be shaped the way it is.
What is mass wasting?
Mass wasting is when a large amount of soil or sediments is moved at one time. Examples include landslides, creeps, slumps,
What is a speleothem?
A speleothem is a general term describing karst features within a cave like stalactite, stalagmite, or column.
How does karst form? Be as specific as possible.
Karst forms when water becomes acidic whether through acid rainfall or gaining carbon dioxide in the ground. Once acidic, the water travels to water soluble stone. The acidic water then begins to dissolve the stone until it can be eroded away by the movement of the water.