Authority & Sovereignty
This group claims authority in Canada based on long-standing presence and original occupation of the land.
Who are First Nations peoples?
Treaties are formal agreements between Indigenous peoples and this authority.
Who is the Crown?
One reason the Crown wanted treaties was to avoid this.
What is conflict?
The Mohawk are part of this larger confederacy.
What is the Six Nations Confederacy?
In 1990, the Mohawk blocked a road to protest this type of development.
What is a Golf Course?
This government claims authority through laws, written documents, and political systems.
What is the Government of Canada?
This government originally represented the Crown when treaties were signed in Canada.
What is the British government?
This major transportation project motivated the Crown to sign treaties.
What is the Canadian Pacific Railway?
This traditional Mohawk governance system is based on consensus and community decision-making.
What is the Longhouse system?
The town that claimed ownership of the disputed land was this one.
What is the town of Oka?
This term means the right of a group to govern itself without outside control.
What is sovereignty?
These treaties were signed between 1870 and 1921 and are numbered Treaty 1, Treaty 4, Treaty 6 etc.
What are the Numbered Treaties?
Indigenous peoples wanted treaties partly because this major food source had disappeared.
What is the buffalo?
These women held major political power and could appoint or remove chiefs.
What are Clan Mothers?
What happened when police attempted to remove the blockade?
What is that the attempt failed and an officer was killed?
According to the Mohawk worldview, sovereignty comes from this source and cannot be taken away.
Who is the Creator?
Most of the numbered treaties were signed in this region of Canada.
What are the Plains?
Name two reasons Indigenous peoples wanted to sign treaties.
What are survival, food, medicine, land rights, or avoiding conflict?
This 1876 law forced Indigenous communities to use Band Councils instead of traditional governance.
What is the Indian Act?
After the police action failed, the conflict became this type of issue.
What is a National Crisis?
This disagreement over authority helped cause conflict between Canada and the Mohawk people.
What is the disagreement over who has legitimate control of land and governance?
Treaties are often treated this way by Canada, rather than as living legal agreements.
What are historical documents?
This shared goal explains why both the Crown and Indigenous peoples agreed to sign treaties, even though their reasons were different.
What is avoiding conflict and maintaining peace?
How did the Indian Act directly contradict Mohawk governance?
What is that it imposed European political systems and reduced the power of Clan Mothers?
The Oka Crisis revealed this long-standing problem in Canada.
What are unresolved treaty and sovereignty issues?