Industry/Corporations
**What city became known as the steel-making capital of the United States after the Civil War?**
- A) New York City
- B) Chicago
- C) Pittsburgh
- D) Detroit
- C) Pittsburgh
What was the main reason for the growth of cattle ranching on the Great Plains in the 1860s?
A) The invention of the steel plow
B) The demand for beef in the East
C) The discovery of gold in the West
D) The need for more crops
B) The demand for beef in the East
2. What was the primary source of food for Plains Indians before the arrival of horses?
a) Hunting buffalo
b) Fishing
c) Farming
d) Trading with other tribes
c) Farming
Who is credited with inventing the telephone?
a) Thomas Edison
b) Alexander Graham Bell
c) Cyrus Field
d) George Eastman
b) Alexander Graham Bell
Complete control of a product or business by one person or group
Monopoly
**What business strategy did Andrew Carnegie use to expand his steel empire?**
- A) Horizontal integration
- B) Vertical integration
- C) Price fixing
- D) Competitive bidding
- B) Vertical integration
What was the name of the Spanish and Mexican cowhands who taught American cowhands how to herd cattle?
A) Vaqueros
B) Mineros
C) Grangers
D) Pioneers
A) Vaqueros
What were the main crops grown by the Plains Indians before the arrival of horses?
a) Wheat and barley
b) Corn, beans, and sunflowers
c) Rice and potatoes
d) Tobacco and tobacco plants
b) Corn, beans, and sunflowers
Which of the following was a common workplace for child laborers in the late 1800s?
a) Fast food restaurants
b) Coal mines
c) Office buildings
d) Grocery stores
b) Coal mines
Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US
Transcontinental Railroad
**How did the rise of large factories after the Civil War affect smaller factories?**
- A) Small factories expanded their production
- B) Small factories thrived due to higher demand
- C) Many small factories closed due to competition from larger factories
- D) Small factories became more profitable by offering lower prices
- C) Many small factories closed due to competition from larger factories
Which group was formed in 1867 to help farmers work together and improve their conditions?
A) The National Grange
B) The Farmers' Alliance
C) The Populist Party
D) The Homesteader's Union
A) The National Grange
15. Which event marked the end of warfare between the Plains Indians and the U.S. Army?
a) The Battle of Little Bighorn
b) The signing of the Dawes Act
c) The Wounded Knee Massacre
d) The surrender of Geronimo
c) The Wounded Knee Massacre
Why did workers organize unions in the late 1800s?
a) To gain higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions
b) To avoid going to school
c) To eliminate the need for factories
d) To create laws that benefit business owners
a) To gain higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions
A government payment that supports a business or market
Subsidy
**Which law did Congress pass in 1890 to curb the power of trusts and monopolies?**
- A) The Sherman Antitrust Act
- B) The Interstate Commerce Act
- C) The Federal Trade Commission Act
- D) The Clayton Antitrust Act
- A) The Sherman Antitrust Act
What did the Homestead Act of 1862 offer to settlers?
A) Free livestock
B) 160 acres of free land
C) A free railroad ticket to the West
D) Free tools and machinery
B) 160 acres of free land
11. What was the purpose of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851?
a) To establish permanent peace with the Plains Indians
b) To allow the United States government to build railroads through Indian land
c) To set boundaries for Plains Indian nations and promise them goods in exchange for land
d) To encourage Plains Indians to adopt farming practices
c) To set boundaries for Plains Indian nations and promise them goods in exchange for land
a) The Great Chicago Fire
b) The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
c) The Haymarket Riot
d) The Pullman Strike
b) The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
laws enacted to help create agricultural colleges by giving federal land to states
Morrill Acts
**What was the result of Rockefeller’s formation of the Standard Oil trust?**
- A) It created a monopoly that controlled 95% of the oil refining industry in the U.S.
- B) It led to the breakup of Standard Oil into smaller companies.
- C) It led to lower prices for oil but fewer jobs in the industry.
- D) It resulted in the nationalization of the oil industry by the government.
- A) It created a monopoly that controlled 95% of the oil refining industry in the U.S.
What environmental challenge did farmers on the Great Plains face?
A) Frequent floods
B) Extremely cold winters and droughts
C) Tornadoes and earthquakes
D) Excessive rain and humidity
B) Extremely cold winters and droughts
Which of the following responsibilities did Plains Indian women have?
a) Leading military campaigns
b) Raising and taking down tepees
c) Acting as tribal chiefs
d) Hunting large game like bison
b) Raising and taking down tepees
Which African American inventor created a machine to oil engines automatically?
a) Granville T. Woods
b) Elijah McCoy
c) Jan Matzeliger
d) George Washington Carver
b) Elijah McCoy
A group of corporations run by a single board of directors
Trust