Vocabulary
America became known as the ______________ because immigrants attempted to assimilate into American Culture
The Melting Pot
Out of the following list what was one reform of Theodore Roosevelt during the Progressive movement?
A. Federal Trade Commission Act
B. Social Security Act
C. Pure Food and Drug Act
D. Second Fleet Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
When a business owner either drives out or buys out all of the competition that relates to their business.
Why did labor unions form in the US?
Labor unions formed in the US in order to bring better working conditions and better to pay to workers.
What is a laissez faire economic policy?
What was the Square Deal?
The three C's:
Consumer Protection
Conservation
Control of corporations
How did poll taxes limit citizens’ rights to liberty in the late 1800s?
It kept the poor population (who were predominately African Americans) from voting.
Kept black males from voting
What kind of issues did urbanization bring to the US? What kind of benefits did it bring?
Bad stuff: Crime, Fire, poor sanitation, reduction of environment, conspicuous consumerism
Good stuff: More people can live in one place (skyscrapers), better and more efficient architecture (Suspension bridges), department stores
Which explains the growth of labor unions in the United States during the Industrial Revolution?
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 proved to be ineffective
Workers sought to improve their pay and working conditions
Business leaders encouraged workers to organize unions to enhance productivity
The federal government supported the collective bargaining rights of railroad workers
Workers sought to improve their pay and working conditions
How did Ellis Island and Angel Island differ when it came to immigration?
Ellis saw a lot more Europeans and Caribbeans. Angel saw a lot more Asians
Asians were highly discriminated against and treated poorly. Kept in detention centers for weeks to even months at a time. Ellis island you had to be healthy, able to work, and bring at least $25 with you.
How did Social Darwinism affect the social class structure of the late 1800s?
It allowed the wealthy to defend the gap between the rich and the poor
It enabled segregation and justified racism
The Populist Party was a political party that formed during the Progressive Era that helped create a lot of laws for social welfare... What issue led to the organization of the populist party?
Farmers and workers were falling into massive debt. The party formed in order to counter this and bring better equality of different economic classes.
While the rest of the US was springing into prosperity, the South was taking a differing path during this time period. How did the south change or stay the same in the industrial - progressive era?
The south still had cotton as its main source of income (did not bring in much money)
The south had now adopted Jim Crow Laws (segregation)
The south had grown increasingly violent towards African Americans who did not obey Jim Crow laws. Ex: Lynch mobs
With the expansion of railroads, small towns began to form in the south around the railroads (McCormick!)
Journalism allowed people to see the ugly truth underneath the gold lining of the factories. Muckrakers would expose business of their dirty practices and enabled the action of getting better working conditions for workers.
What impact did President Roosevelt have on the United States during the progressive Era? Name two things
National parks and conservation
Pure food and drug act
Trust busting
What was the purpose of the NAACP? Name a couple people who were involved in it and what they advocated for.
To bring equality to all races.
Booker T Washington: Keep segregation but bring civil rights and economic and legal equality to all races
W.E.B. Du Bois: Dismantle segregation, double consciousness, civil rights
Ida B. Wells: Anti lynching
What is the difference between a robber baron and a captain of industry? Name an individual who seemed like a "robber baron" and a "captain of industry" that we discussed in class. What were their monopolies involved?
Carnegie: Steel industry
Rockefeller: Railroads and oil
Mark Twain refers the golden age of the United States as the "Gilded Age." What does that mean and how is this era "gilded?"
Gilded means something has a shiny, beautiful and golden outside looking brilliant and amazing. But deep down on the inside, its rotten to its core.
The US was like this during this time period because there were thousands of jobs and many people making gobs of money (like Rockefeller and Carnegie) but, underneath the surface from the rest of the world, most workers had little to no pay, unfair, unsafe, and unclean working conditions, and many immigrants and African Americans were treated unfairly and unequally.
List 3 ways in which the US changed during the late 1800s and the early 1900s
2.) Became leading innovators (railroads, skyscrapers, suspension bridges)
3.) Legalized Jim Crow Laws
4.) Became the immigration hub of the world or the "melting pot" due to its ridiculously fast economic growth
5.) Established the trans continental railroad across the US
6.) Created time zones for the entire world including the US. Split the us into 4 time zones
7.) Monopolies were created and banned during this time period
8.) National Parks were created for the first time and conservation became a new player in politics.
How did the South legalize discrimination and what was Federal government’s response to discrimination?
Segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
Made it a crime to not follow segregation laws
Explain the “rags to riches” idea in the United States and how did the Industrial Revolution lead to this becoming a reality for many.
"Rags to Riches" was the idea that any person can go from extreme poverty to extreme wealth if they "pull themselves up by their bootstraps" The industrial revolution allowed many to do this as the massive increase in demand for steel, lumber, glass, coal, iron, oil, and other natural resources created millions of jobs and created many rich monopolies.
How did the Populist Party and other progressives effect the United States then and now? What kind of social welfare policies did they pass to better American society?
- Raised Crop prices
- Senators are directly elected by the people
- Progressive income tax
- Workman's comp
- 8 hour workday and 40 hour work week
- Better working conditions and safety overall
The expansion of railroads and travel by railroads created rippling effects of innovation throughout the United States. Describing the many benefits and changes that railroads made in the US and how it drove the US into economic prosperity
South: Allowed more towns to be built up around railroads, especially with small gold-rushes turning up.
West: Enabled cowboys! Now we can drive our cattle to trains and ship them to the big city so we can make money off of beef. Accelerated western expansion, especially with the trans-continental railroad being built.
In general: Created time zones throughout the U.S. and eventually the entire world, now everyone is following a standardized form of time.
What ways did the U.S. change during the Progressive era and defend whether or not this era was really progressive or not.
This is an open ended response... They can list any details on how the US changed during the progressive era such as...
- Better pay
- Better working hours
- Workman's comp
- Progressive income taxes
- Immigration
- Conservation... etc...
The second half however they need to apply their own opinion and be able to defend it well with evidence or referencing historical terms/events to receive the points).
Describe Conspicuous Consumerism. How did it come about in American society and describe its effect on society then and now.
Conspicuous Consumerism
- Americans buy buy buy. Always wanted to have the latest and greatest things
- Middle class pretending to be the upper class by buying expensive things (usage of credit begins here)
Then and now created a social stigma that looks and visible wealth reflect status. If you have name brand things, you must be a higher class citizen and therefore are more respected. Knock off brand seems less impressive and makes you seem "cheap" and therefore looked down upon.