IR Concept
The term "industrial relations" commonly denotes
Employee-employer relationships
The main objective of IR is
Maintaining industrial peace and harmony
According to __________ approach the problems of IR are deeply rooted in the perception and attitude of the focal participants.
Psychological approach
Gandhiji's view on IR are based on his fundamental principles of
Truth, non-violence and non-possession
System approach to IR was given by
John Dunlop
Industrial relations are characterized by both
Cooperation and conflict
The main aspects of IR are
1. Promotion and maintaining of healthy labor-management relations:
2. Maintenance of industrial peace and avoidance of industrial strife:
3. Development of industrial democracy
One of the significant contributors to psychological approach is
Mason Harie
The trusteeship theory implies that
There is no room for conflict between labor and capital.
The capitalist is expected to hold industry in trust for the community.
According to ________ approach, the central task of IR is 'to explain why particular rules are established in particular industrial relations systems and how and why they change in response to changes affecting the system'.
Systems approach
The origin of industrial relations can be traced back to
Industrial revolution
The promotion of healthy labor-management relations presupposes
1. The existence of strong, well-organized, democratic, and responsible trade union;
2. The spirit of collective bargaining and willingness to take recourse to voluntary arbitration;
3. Provision for Welfare work (by Government or employers or employee unions)
The test used to determine the behavior of 'management' and 'employees' involved use of
A photograph of middle aged men (that was shown to management representatives and employees' representatives)
Two preconditions for the workers before resorting to non-violence and non-cooperation to get their demands met are
Awakening and unity
R = f [A,E,I]
R = Rules
A = Actors
E = Environmental context
I = Ideology
Systems approach
Parties to Industrial relations are
Employees, Employers and Government
Machinery for prevention and settlement of industrial disputes is necessary for maintaining
Industrial peace
_____________approach assumes industry as a social world in miniature
Sociological approach
The workers should avoid strikes, as far as possible in industries of
essential services
The actors in the IR system are (according to systems approach)
1. Management and hierarchy of managers
2. Workers and the hierarchy of their organizations
3. Specialized governmental and mutually agreed non-governmental agencies
Industrial relations arise because of
Employment relationships
Establishment of Shop councils and joint management councils lead to
Development of industrial democracy
This approach holds that IR besides having a sociological base does have ethical ramifications.
Socio-ethical approach
Gandhian philosophy presumes
Peaceful coexistence of labor and capital
According to systems approach environmental context includes
1. The technological characteristics of the workplace and work community.
2. The market context or budgetary constraints.
3. The locus and distribution of power in the larger society