Immigrants
The development of a national market for goods and services within the United States was largely a result of —
A tariffs on manufactured goods
B government safety regulations
C improvements in transportation
D increased demand for cheap labor
C improvements in transportation
How did the cotton gin contribute to the expansion of the plantation system?
A By reducing the number of slaves needed for growing cotton
B By increasing the time needed to cultivate cotton
C By increasing the profitability of slavery
D By reducing the demand for raw cotton
C By increasing the profitability of slavery
The Bessemer steel process affected westward expansion in the United States by enabling
—
A clipper ships to be built in order to transport passengers from the East Coast to the West Coast
B interstate canal systems to be built in order to transport agricultural goods from west to east
C Conestoga wagons to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
D railroads to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
D railroads to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
What was the name of the British citizen who broke the law and brought new technology secret to the US?
A. Samuel Slater
B. Thomas Winthrop
C. George Harrison
D. John Hancock
A. Samuel Slater
The growth of railroads during the nineteenth century affected U.S.businesses by—
A discouraging Congress from instituting tariffs
B increasing the cost of raw materials
C decreasing the wages of unskilled workers
D opening new markets for goods
D opening new markets for goods
Which quotation reveals the main reason for the surge in Irish immigration to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century?
A “I am exceedingly well pleased at coming to this land of plenty.”
B “I would advise all my friends to quit Ireland. . . .”
C “What you labour for is sweetened by contentment and happiness. . . .”
D “There is no failure in the potato crop. . . .”
D “There is no failure in the potato crop. . . .”
Eli Whitney obtains a patent for the cotton gin -> raw cotton becomes easier to process -> cotton production increases -> ________________
Which of these best completes the diagram above?
A The demand for slaves increases in the South.
B More textile factories are established in the South.
C The number of European immigrants arriving at southern port cities increases.
D More tobacco and food crops are cultivated on southern plantations.
A The demand for slaves increases in the South.
One effect of urbanization that led to the development of the Know-Nothing Party was —
A unsafe factory conditions
B unsanitary living conditions
C anti-immigration sentiment
D fear of communist influence
C anti-immigration sentiment
After the War of 1812, thousands of settlers and immigrants moved to the western frontiers of the United States in search of farming and business opportunities. In response, the government began building roads. This transportation network was intended to —
A promote the free-enterprise system
B establish federal control over industry
C discourage the organization of new territories
D prevent border disputes between states
A promote the free-enterprise system
A Milestone in U.S. Transportation
• 363 miles lo
• Completed in 18
• Connected the Great Lakes region with the Atlantic coast
• Improved transportation into the interior of the United States
• Lowered the cost of transporting goods by ninety percent
What milestone in U.S. transportation history is described in this list?
A the Erie Canal
B the Oregon Trail
C the Cumberland Road
D the Transcontinental Railroad
A the Erie Canal
Which immigrant group contributed MOST to western railroad construction during the 19th century?
A Chinese
B German
C Polish
D Russian
A Chinese
One of the MOST significant contributions to the agricultural development of the Midwest during the 19th century was —
A the migration of white settlers and discovery of gold in the West
B the development of coalfields and construction of the Erie Canal
C Henry Ford's mass production techniques and Guglielmo Marconi's radio
D John Deere's steel plow and Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper
D John Deere's steel plow and Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper
What aspect of urban living would have affected the spread of the disease among one part of the population more than another?
A the contaminated air in grand society mansions
B the wrong diagnosis made by doctors in hospitals
C the foreign viruses introduced by tourists in hotels
D the overcrowded housing in poor immigrant areas
D the overcrowded housing in poor immigrant areas
*limited gov't interference in business
*priced determined by supply and demand
*private owners receive the profits
Which type of economy is best described by these characteristics?
A Subsistence farming
B Free enterprise
C Mercantilism
D Socialism
B Free enterprise
*Blasting tunnels through mountains
*Building bridges across rivers
*Leveling hills and filling in hollows
These environmental modifications were made in order to construct —
A permanent housing for immigrants in urban areas
B canals that linked the Midwest to the Northeast
C a transcontinental railroad
D a harbor on the Mississippi River
C a transcontinental railroad
An Irish immigrant arriving in the United States in the mid-19th century would have MOST likely found work —
A on a farm in the midwest
B in a factory in the northeast
C in a mine in the west
D on a plantation in the south
B in a factory in the northeast
How did steam power affect agriculture in the United States prior to the Civil War?
A Steam-powered shovels helped move massive amounts of earth to clear land for farming.
B Steam-powered threshers harvested wheat faster and reduced the need for migrant workers.
C Steam-powered tractors reduced the number of workers needed and increased field production.
D Steam-powered boats moved farm products to cities faster and from greater distances than before.
D Steam-powered boats moved farm products to cities faster and from greater distances than before.
Factors that contributed to early industrialization in the US. 1. _______________2. an abundance of labor. 3. the availability of capital
Which factor best completes this diagram?
A New transportation systems
B Increased government regulation
C A decline in agricultural production
D The growth of labor unions
A New transportation systems
How did the War of 1812 contribute to the expansion of industry in the United States?
A The disruption of trade forced the development of U.S. manufacturing.
B The burning of Washington, D.C. led to a nationwide construction boom.
C The new U.S. Navy increased the confidence of overseas trading expeditions.
D The presence of British troops in New York led to factory construction in the South.
A The disruption of trade forced the development of U.S. manufacturing.
How did the factory system contribute to the rapid industrialization of the United States?
A By using slave labor to mass-produce goods
B By relying on skilled artisans to create custom goods
C By making the production of goods more efficient
D By making the distribution of goods less costly
C By making the production of goods more efficient
Which conclusion is best supported by the data in the graph?
A More Irish came to the United States in the early part of the century, but more Germans immigrated in the latter half of the century.
B More Germans came to the United States in the early part of the century, but more Irish immigrated in the latter half of the century.
C The number of Irish and German immigrants throughout the century is approximately the same.
D The number of Irish immigrants increased steadily then suddenly dropped off at the end of the century, while German immigration steadily rose throughout the century.
A More Irish came to the United States in the early part of the century, but more Germans immigrated in the latter half of the century.
19th century innovations
*Agriculture: mechanical reapers, combine harvesters, steel plow, grain drills
*Industry: interchangeable parts, power looms, steam engines, bessemer process
These innovations in agriculture and industry resulted in —
A higher consumer costs
B decreased profits for investors
C less consumer choice
D more efficient production of good
D more efficient production of good
Use the information below to answer the question.
• Francis Cabot Lowell built first power loom in United Stat
• First textile mill built in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 18
• Mill at Waltham, Massachusetts, placed all aspects of textile production on-si
• Interchangeable parts and machine tools aided growth of industry in New Engla
• Protective tariffs were passed to assist in the development of industry
What was one result of the growth of this industry in New England during the early 1800s?
A The role of work for women began to change.
B The use of slaves in northern towns became more common.
C The need for immigrant labor began to decrease.
D The cost of imported goods began to decline.
A The role of work for women began to change.
Which of these was an effect of the Industrial Revolution on U.S. women in the early nineteenth century?
A Women in unions gained bargaining power with employers.
B The government passed laws to improve safety for women in the workplace.
C Women seeking work migrated from rural communities to cities.
D State governments called conventions in support of women’s suffrage.
C Women seeking work migrated from rural communities to cities.
What was the ORIGINAL name of the two wheeled, man powered mode of transportation?
A. velociraptor
B. the go-go machine
C. velocipede
D. the bicycle.
C. velocipede