Vocabulary
What is a labor union?
An organization of workers
How did the Agricultural Revolution affect British farmers?
Farms became less productive
Farmers learned to use steam power to harvest crops
The number of farmers grew from 5 million to about 9 million
Farmers lost farms and moved to cities
Farmers lost farms and moved to cities
Define Laissez-Faire Economics
“hands off” economics. Idea that a free market with the unregulated exchange of goods and services would help everyone, not just the rich
How did the population in Great Britain change from 1700 - 1800?
Population soared from 5 million to 9 million
Define urbanization
Movement of people to cities
What are tenements?
Multistory buildings divided into tiny apartments typically occupied by the poor
The first factories developed in what industry?
Textiles
Explain Utilitarianism
The idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizens.
What did British inventor Thomas Newcomen invent in 1712?
A steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines
What new social class emerged due to urbanization?
The Middle Class
What is a turnpike?
Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a toll or fee to use them
During the Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s food production increased because farmers…
Rotated crops among their fields
What is socialism?
The people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production
How did natural ports and navigable rivers help Great Britain develop the Industrial Revolution?
Rivers supplied water power and construction of canals (canals helped trade)
Why were most early factory workers women?
Employers could pay women less than men
What is capital?
Money used to invest in enterprises
People ate better
Better hygiene and sanitation and improved medical care
Who were the two leading thinkers behind communism?
Karl Marx and Frederich Engels
How did steam locomotives help Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution
Steam powered locomotives to pull carriages along iron rails. Railroad didn’t need to follow the course of a river and tracks could go where rivers could not
What issue did the “factory acts” passed in the early 1800s try to address?
Reform (make changes for the better) to child labor
What is the Industrial Revolution and when did it take place?
Slow, long, uneven process in which production switched from simple hand tools to complex machines, which started in Great Britain.
Took place 1750 - 1850
Name one invention from the Industrial Revolution that sped up production and explain what it did
John Kay’s flying shuttle enabled weavers to work so fast that they outpaced spinners
James Hargreaves produced the spinning Jenny in 1764, which spun many threads at the same time
1769 → Richard Arkwright patented the water frame, so a spinning machine could be powered by water
Define communism
A system in which governments led by a small elite controlled all economic and political life.
What are two examples of government support that helped Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
Britain had a stable government
No internal trade barriers → Britain didn’t need to deal with river tolls
3. Strong Navy to protect its empire, shipping, and overseas trade
Describe the conditions of tenements? What were they like?
Cramped, cluttered, terrible living conditions, could lead to disease, high number of people living in small area, etc...