Movements & Revolutions
Industrial Revolution
Shift from hand production to machine and factory production beginning in England.
Adam Smith
Supported capitalism, laissez-faire, and economic competition (Wealth of Nations).
Child Labor
An outcome of the Industrial Revolution. Children were working at the age of 10 in the factory and coal mines within dangerous conditions.
Fill in the blanks: Urbanization
Cause:
New factories and steam engines created many ____________ in cities.
Effect:
Large numbers of people moved from farms to ____________, causing overcrowding.
Cause:
New factories and steam engines created many jobs in cities.
Effect:
Large numbers of people moved from farms to cities, causing overcrowding.
Identify one cause of the Industrial Revolution.
A. Business owners promised good working conditions
B. The British government paid people to move to cities
C. Agricultural innovations let farmers hire more people
D. Coal-powered steam engines powered factories that employed many people
D. Coal-powered steam engines powered factories that employed many people
Urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas to cities for factory jobs.
Karl Marx
Critic of capitalism; co-wrote The Communist Manifesto; supported communism.
Natural Resources
Key reason industrialization began in England; powered steam engines.
Fill in the Blank: Factory Working Conditions
Cause:
Children worked long hours in dangerous ____________.
Effect:
Reformers demanded ____________ working conditions and child labor laws.
Cause:
Children worked long hours in dangerous factories.
Effect:
Reformers demanded better working conditions and child labor laws.
What major factor contributed to overcrowded and unsanitary cities like London?
A. Rapid migration to cities for factory jobs
B. Growth of luxury housing for factory owners
C. Decline of farming among the wealthy
D. A government program encouraging city living
A. The rapid migration of people to urban areas in search of factory jobs
Laissez-faire Capitalism
Belief in minimal government involvement in the economy (Adam Smith).
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels supported which theory?
A. Capitalism
B. Communism
C. Socialism
D. Market economy
B. Communism
Factory System
All production happens in one building using machines
Fill in the Blank: River Thames Pollution
Cause:
Factories and households dumped their ____________ into the River Thames.
Effect:
The river became __________ and caused cholera outbreaks.
Cause:
Factories and households dumped their waste into the River Thames.
Effect:
The river became polluted and caused cholera outbreaks.
Laissez-faire capitalism (Adam Smith) called for:
A. Heavy taxation of manufacturers
B. Strict government control
C. Minimal government involvement
D. Government investments in major industries
C. Minimal government involvement
Reform Movements
Efforts to improve working conditions, reduce child labor, and make cities healthier.
Michael Sadler
Created the Sadler Report by collecting child labor testimonies.
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
Economic system where businesses operate with little government interference.
Fill in the Blank: Capitalism --> Communism
Cause:
Capitalism allowed business owners to have more power and workers to remain __________.
Effect:
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels promoted _____________ to create equality.
Cause:
Capitalism allowed business owners to have more power and workers to remain poor.
Effect:
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels promoted communism to create equality.
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations stressed the importance of:
A. Government regulations
B. Economic competition
C. Traditional bartering
D. Minimum wages
B. Economic competition
Capitalism supported which idea?
A. Less government regulation of businesses
B. More government regulation
C. Ending industrialization
D. Returning to the domestic system
A. Less government regulation of businesses
Charles Dickens
A famous British author during the Industrial Revolution who wrote novels exposing the harsh realities of urban life, child labor, poverty, and inequality.
Communism
Everyone shares wealth equally and the government controls all production (Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels)
Fill in the blank: Natural Resources & Industrial Growth
Cause:
England had large amounts of _________ and iron that powered steam engines.
Effect:
Industrial cities grew quickly as new ___________ were built.
Cause:
England had large amounts of coal and iron that powered steam engines.
Effect:
Industrial cities grew quickly as new factories were built.
Which was a result of reform movements during the Industrial Revolution?
A. Spread of disease
B. Better working and living conditions
C. Farming became more important
D. People moved to rural areas
B. Better working and living conditions