Vocabulary
The expansion of cities as a result of a rapid increase in population
What is urbanization?
Industrialization requires:
- a large landless working class
- many small interconnected waterways
- large natural deposits of what?
What is coal or oil?
Francis Cabot Lowell started a series of successful factories in Massachusetts that primarily hired young women. These women, known as what, had strict moral living standards that they had to meet or otherwise would lose their jobs.
What are Lowell girls?
what innovation had a horizontal new weaving wheel that worked eight threads at once
what is a spinning jenny?
What was the crop that is typically blamed for the Great Hunger in Ireland?
What is the potato?
A shift from an agriculture-based economy to a manufacturing-based economy.
What is industrialization?
This is an example of an industrialized city in England where the lower working classes had to live in squalor.
What is Manchester?
This British factory worker memorized secret factory plans and brought them over to the United States to start his own mill.
Who is Samuel Slater?
Richard Arkwright used water power from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels to make this innovation.
What is a water frame?
What country colonized Ireland and then proceeded to export 4x the amount of food that would have been necessary to feed its inhabitants each year of the "famine"?
what is England / Great Britain?
This is a type of company where private citizens can invest a portion of their money into it and receive a piece of its profits.
What is a joint-stock company?
The Liverpool-Manchester ______________ connected a huge port city with a major center for manufacturing in the UK.
Robert Fulton is the American engineer credited with figuring out how to best use a steam engine to create what powerful new type of transportation?
What is a train, or locomotive?
The steam engine was invented by this man.
Who is James Watts?
This Native American group sent provisions and money to the Irish during the famine, despite having undergone a genocide of their own on the Trail of Tears just a few years prior.
Who are the Choctaw?
This is what you call a single company being in control of an entire market.
What is a monopoly?
New banking systems in England meant that private citizens could take out these and expand their businesses with money they wouldn't have otherwise.
What is a loan?
John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie operated Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel respectively. Their businesses highly profited from the development of which mode of transportation?
What is railways?
The agricultural revolution paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. One of its major innovations was the re-tooling of the medieval ____ rotation system.
What are beef, dairy, wool, and sheep?
This is what you call an industry where artisans are making goods from scratch in their homes. This is what is replaced by factories.
What is a cottage industry?