Inventions
What invention by James Watt improved factory production?
Steam Engine
Who is considered the father of modern capitalism?
Adam Smith
Which class grew the most during the Industrial Revolution?
Middle Class
What reform did the Factory Act of 1833 introduce?
Banned child labor under age 9
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
Which invention revolutionized textile production?
Spinning Jenny
Who co-wrote The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx?
Friedrich Engels
What is urbanization?
The movement of people to cities
What was one goal of labor unions?
Improve working conditions
What fueled the early Industrial Revolution?
Coal
Which invention improved communication?
Telegraph
What are Adam Smith's 3 Natural Laws?
Law of self-interest- People work for their own good
Law of competition- Competition forces people to make a better product
Law of supply & demand- Enough goods would be produced at the lowest price to meet market demands
Why did factory owners hire women and children?
They could be paid less
Which law aimed to regulate working hours for children?
Factory Act of 1833
What best describes the Industrial Revolution?
A period of rapid technological and industrial growth
Which invention was key to powering machinery and transportation?
Steam Engine
Who criticized capitalism for exploiting workers?
Karl Marx
What was a major effect of the factory system on workers?
They lost control over working conditions
Which reform movement focused on women's voting rights?
Suffrage Movement
Which class had the least political power?
Peasants
What invention did Eli Whitney create that impacted slavery?
Cotton Gin
Which philosopher believed in utilitarianism?
John Stuart Mill
Why were unions formed during the Industrial Revolution?
To protect workers' rights
Who passed laws to improve factory safety in Britain?
British Parliament
What was a negative effect of the Industrial Revolution?
Poor working conditions