Innovators
His improvements to an existing invention accelerated factory production and symbolized the shift to mechanization.
James Watt
A factory owner reinvests profits to expand production, hires more workers, and competes with other businesses to increase market share—all without government interference.
Capitalism
A nation experiences rapid economic growth because it can produce goods faster and cheaper than its competitors.
Industrial Revolution
This huge shift created overcrowded cities and strained public health systems.
Urbanization
This reformer attempted to create model community based on socialism that improved living and working conditions.
Robert Owen
Urbanization
This figure’s work in communication shrank distances, allowing industrial economies to coordinate production and trade more efficiently.
Sam Morse
The government takes control of all factories and redistributes goods equally among citizens to eliminate wealth gaps.
Communism
Term used to describe workers in a factory
Labor
Factory owners preferred this group because they could be paid less and were easier to control.
Child Labor
This social movement focused on giving women the right to vote.
Women's Suffrage Movement
Movement that stripped away common lands and created larger mass producing farms within sectioned off land
Enclosure Movement
Trains and Steam Boats
The government allows private businesses to operate but regulates wages, workplace safety, and provides public services like healthcare.
Socialism
A business owner invests money into machines and buildings with the expectation of generating profit.
Capital
These organizations emerged as a response to unsafe conditions and low wages in industrial workplaces.
Labor Unions
Karl Marx's ideas of a communist society was outlined in this book
The Communist Manifesto
This earlier system of home-based production declined as centralized production increased efficiency.
Cottage Industry
This inventor’s machine both increased efficiency of processing cotton and unintentionally strengthened the institution of slavery in the American South.
Eli Whitney
During a time of dangerous working conditions, the government refuses to pass safety laws, arguing that businesses should regulate themselves.
Capitalism
The idea that the government should be hands-off on regulating industry
Laissez-Faire
The concentration of workers in cities contributed to the spread of disease due to this underlying issue.
Poor Sanitation, pollution, or overcrowded living
One tool used by labor unions to gain better working conditions is
strike or collective bargaining
The shift in farming production that was used to keep up with food demands of a growing population
Agricultural Revolution
Early industrial growth depended heavily on these, which determined where factories could initially develop.
Natural Resources
Workers overthrow factory owners and establish a system where they collectively own and manage production to eliminate class struggle.
Communism
A textile business increases output by moving all stages of production under one roof instead of spreading work across homes.
Karl Marx believed that rapid industrialization and capitalism would lead to this new social class that was oppressed.
Proletariat
The name of the book created by Adam Smith that brought about the theory of capitalism
The Wealth of Nations
Increased use of machines in production led directly to this major change in how goods were produced.
Mass Production