Industrial Revolution
He made improvements to the design of the steam engine, increasing its efficiency and propelling forward the Industrial Revolution?
Who was James Watt?
Otto von Bismarck was a practitioner of this pragmatic and instrumental style of governance and foreign policy.
What is Realpolitik?
Enlightenment thinkers were dedicated to this principle.
What was progress?
(I will also accept rationalism)
The belief that government should intrude as little as possible on individual rights or interfere with the lives of the people.
What is liberalism?
He wanted to run for re-election contrary to the French Constitution and when he was forbidden, he staged a coup and initiated the Second French Empire.
Who was Louis Napoleon?
In Rerum Novarum, Pope Leo XIII argues that the most fundamental principle for helping the working class is the inviolability of this.
What is private property?
Bismarck fought a war in 1863 over the states of Schleswig-Holstein with this country.
What was Denmark?
Thomas Hobbes developed this theory of political organization in which people give up certain rights to the government in exchange for peace and stability.
What was the Social Contract Theory?
Discontent with established power structure encouraged the development of various ideologies, including those espoused by Karl Marx and this man, who developed ideas of socialism and communism.
Who is Friedrich Engels?
A very tight mutual treaty that can be dissolved by any one party whenever they wish.
What is a confederation?
Innovations of the first Industrial Revolution were primarily focused on developments in this industry.
What was the textile industry?
Wilhelm I was crowned Emperor of the Germans in this location.
Where is the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles?
This Scottish philosopher argued that habit led the human mind to conclusions about causality that are not verifiable.
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Who was David Hume?
A sense of consciousness of being part of a community with common culture, language, and traditions that becomes the primary political loyalty.
What is nationalism?
Restoring European balance of power was a main goal of leaders at this 1815 meeting.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
A consequence of urbanization and the creation of a working class was the emergence of this monolithic force that structured the social, political, and daily life of working class people.
What is mass society?
The two legislative chambers of the German parliament.
What are the Reichstag and the Bundesrat?
This enlightened despot came to power by staging a coup d'etat against her husband.
Who was Catherine the Great?
Rerum Novarum critiques this economic ideology for its rewarding the "greed of unchecked competition," and because under it "very rich men have been able to lay upon the teeming masses of the laboring poor a yoke little better than that of slavery itself."
What is free-market capitalism?
Its elimination was the main goal of communist revolution.
What is private property?
The urbanization that accompanied the Industrial Revolution gave rise to this new urban industrial working class.
What is the proletariat?
This German concept that was used by some nationalists excluded groups such as the Gypsies and the Jews because, they argued, these groups did not share common ancestors, character traits, and physical characteristics with real Germans.
What is Volk?
This French philosophe advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances within government.
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
The Revolutions of 1848 were fueled by discontent among Europeans with the rule of monarchs, and revolutionaries universally demanded this.
What was representation in government (constitutional monarchy, universal suffrage, democratic government are also acceptable answers)?
Economic doctrine that argues for little government interference on the economy, which will self regulate according to supply and demand.
What is laissez-faire economics?