Why Britain?
This key natural resource, abundant in Britain, was essential for powering steam engines
What is coal?
This farming practice involved planting different crops in the same field over different seasons to maintain soil fertility.
What is crop rotation?
This British trading company controlled much of India and played a key role in supplying raw materials.
What is the East India Company?
hese financial institutions provided loans to entrepreneurs, helping to fund new factories and businesses.
What are banks?
This machine, invented by James Watt, significantly improved power sources for factories and transportation.
What is the steam engine?
Britain had a large supply of workers, made up of former farmers moving to urban areas
What is urbanisation
This type of land ownership reform forced small farmers to give up communal land, pushing many into wage labor.
What is enclosure (or the Enclosure Movement)?
This cash crop, grown in colonies like India and the American South, fueled the British textile industry.
What is cotton?
his financial innovation allowed investors to pool money and share profits, reducing risk in business ventures.
What are joint-stock companies?
This device, invented by James Hargreaves, revolutionized textile production by allowing one worker to spin multiple threads at once.
What is the spinning jenny?
Unlike many European countries, Britain did not experience this type of widespread social upheaval, allowing stable economic growth
What is a revolution (or political revolution)?
The introduction of this type of animal breeding helped increase livestock size and meat production.
What is selective breeding?
The key export from Australia that was brought back to Britain.
What is wool?
This financial center in London became a key hub for investment and trade during the Industrial Revolution.
What is the London Stock Exchange?
This improved plow, developed in the 1730s, used an iron blade to cut through soil more efficiently.
What is the Rotheram plow?
his 18th-century economic policy promoted free trade and reduced government control over markets.
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
his system of crop rotation, developed in Britain, replaced the medieval three-field system and increased food production.
What is the Norfolk four-course rotation?
This 1757 battle gave the British East India Company control over Bengal, a key region for trade and resource extraction.
What is the Battle of Plassey?
A term to describe how one development will help feed other developments, causing further developments.
What is a positive-feedback loop
This innovation, developed by Jethro Tull, allowed for more efficient planting of seeds.
What is the seed drill?
This intellectual movement promoted scientific inquiry and technological innovation, contributing to industrial progress.
What is the Enlightenment?
This British agronomist promoted the use of turnips as a key rotational crop to restore soil nutrients and improve livestock feed.
Who is Charles "Turnip" Townshend?
These Caribbean colonies were key to Britain’s sugar production, which fueled both industry and trade.
What are the West Indies?
The British government sold these to raise money for infrastructure projects like railways and canals.
What are government bonds?
This textile machine, developed by Richard Arkwright, used water power to increase cloth production.
What is the water frame?