Early Industrialization
Which country did the Industrial Revolution begin in?
Great Britain
True or False: The Factory Act of 1833 successfully improved the working conditions for children during the Industrial Revolution.
False! It did nothing!
True or False: Industrialization made the population in cities grow faster than the housing available.
True! Forced the poor to live in horrible conditions and small, crowded rooms.
What philosophy is this?
- "The Communist Manifesto" by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- everything is publicly owned.
- wealth will be distributed evenly for the good of society.
Communism
This guy improved the Steam Engine, which became an important power source of the Industrial Revolution.
James Watt
Land, Labor, Capital
This is the term for movement of people from the country to cities, as many people left rural areas to move to cities to get factory jobs.
Urbanization
What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms, such as better working conditions and higher pay?
Labor Union
What Philosophy is this?
- "Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith
- Private ownership of business
- Focused on success of the individual
Capitalism
This guy invented the Cotton Gin, which led to other textile roles, such as weavers and thread-spinners, working in factories as well.
Eli Whitney
Explain the positives and negatives of the Agricultural Revolution.
Positives = Crop Rotation helped the soil to stay healthy for growing and led surplus food.
Negatives = the Enclosure Movement (wealthy landowners buy up and fence off huge pieces of land) led to less farmer jobs, forcing them to move to cities.
These poorly-built multistory buildings, divided into apartments, provided housing for the large amount of workers looking for work.
Tenements
How did interchangeable parts and the assembly line impact the manufacturing process in factories?
Interchangeable parts made repairs and assembly quicker, and the assembly line allowed workers to focus on specific tasks as the product moved down the line.
What philosophy is this?
- Industries are publicly owned for the benefit of all
- Focuses on the good of the COMMUNITY, not the individual.
- Believe that government control can end poverty and bring equality
Socialism
This guy invented the light bulb and central power plants, changing (and lighting) the world as we know it.
Thomas Edison
What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?
Trains and steamships were able to transport of raw materials at faster rates. Railroads connected cities, seaports, mining regions, and industrial centers.
Explain the living conditions for most people during the Industrial Revolution.
Factory towns, tenements, pollution, poor sanitation, overcrowded
Explain new laws and reforms that passed during the Second Industrial Revolution.
- It became illegal in England to hire children under the age of nine.
- The Mines Act prevented women and children from working underground.
- Women's hours were reduced to 10 hour workdays.
List the Natural Laws of Economics.
1)Self-Interest
2) Competition
3) Supply and Demand
This guy created the process to turn iron into steel (and named the process after himself too!)
Henry Bessemer
How did the impact of worldwide industrialization affect the relationships between "Western" nations and non-industrialized nations?
Western nations had better technological and economic advantages.
Describe working conditions in the factories.
Long shifts with little to no breaks ( 12 to 16 hours a day, 6 days a week). No safety codes, leading to many workplace accidents, injuries, and deaths. Pay was incredibly low.
How did the rise of corporations impact businesses and the market?
Corporations began to dominate the market, causing smaller businesses to be pushed out of business.
A policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference (HANDS-OFF).
Laissez-Faire Economics
This British Nurse revolutionized health care, pressuring the government to reform hospitals to improve sanitation and care.
Florence Nightingale