Inventors & Inventions
The inventor of the electric light bulb and electric power network
Thomas Edison
The idea demonstrated by Louis Pasteur that microscopic organisms caused specific infectious diseases
germ theory
Organizations that represented the interests of workers and negotiated on their behalf with businesses and governments
labor unions
Identical components that can be used in place of one another
interchangeable parts
An artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion that was a reaction against the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution
Romanticism
The device developed by Samuel F. B. Morse that sent coded messages across electric wires
the telegraph
The British army nurse who promoted sanitary measures in field hospitals and founded the world’s first school of nursing
Florence Nightengale
A campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages
the temperance movement
A method for making steel which allowed steel to be produced on a large scale for a low cost
Bessemer Process
An attempt in art to represent the world as it is, without the sentimentality of romanticism
Realism
The Swedish chemist who invented dynamite
Alfred Nobel
The man who discovered how antiseptic could prevent infection by sterilizing surgical instruments
Joseph Lister
the application of Darwin’s theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest to social interactions
Social Darwinism
Applied the assembly line production process to automobile manufacturing, making the automobile cheap and easily accessible for consumers
Henry Ford
romantic hero
Orville and Wilbur Wright
The idea that, since the natural world is a struggle for survival, those organisms who had traits that gave them advantages in their particular environment were most likely to survive and pass on their traits to their offspring; also known as “survival of the fittest”
theory of natural selection
The three innovations that made living, moving, and working in the city easier
electric street lights
sewer systems
skyscrapers
Businesses owned by many investors who buy shares of stock
corporations
English novelist who vividly portrayed the lives of slum dwellers and factory workers in 19th-century England
Charles Dickens
Despite stealing inventions from Nikola Tesla, he is credited with inventing the radio
Guglielmo Marconi
Developed the modern atomic theory in chemistry in the early 1800s, demonstrating that each element is made up of unique atoms, and that different atoms combine to make all chemical substances
John Dalton
The two factors that made doubling Europe's population possible
1) Increased nutrition from increased food supply
2) Medical advancements and sanitation
Describe how technological advances in transportation and communications affected the Industrial Revolution
Reaching farther markets
Reduced cost of transporting goods
Art that rejected realism in order to capture the first fleeting impression made by a scene or object on the viewer’s eye
Impressionism