13.4 - "Changing Ways of Life and Thought"
Supporters of industrialists like John D. Rockefeller & Andrew Carnegie saw them as “____________________”, who brought jobs and prosperity.
Captains of industry
What major change occurred during the 1st Agricultural Revolution approximately 11,000 years ago?
People learned to farm and domesticate animals.
What was a major outcome of the 2nd Agricultural Revolution, which began around 300 years ago?
Advancements in farming increased the quantity and quality of food production
These reforms, passed in 1833, limited child labor and improved working conditions, eventually capping workdays to 10 hours and required children to receive some education
Factory Acts
Factories began using this to make assembly and repairs simpler and more efficient:
interchangeable parts
Critics of industrialists like John D. Rockefeller & Andrew Carnegie saw them as “_____________________”, who used aggressive tactics to destroy competition.
Robber Barons
What was travel and knowledge of the wider world like prior to the Industrial Revolution? (2)
Travel was limited to walking or using horse-drawn carts
Knowledge of the world beyond the village was minimal
What effect did jobless farmers moving to cities have during the Industrial Revolution?
It provided a labor force for factories, helping to drive industrialization
What was one significant impact of the rise of factories, railroads, and new industries during the Industrial Revolution?
Increased job opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workers
What railroad in the United States linked the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean and made East to West travel possible?
Transcontinental Railroad
Why did some women support the temperance movement?
Alcohol use was seen as a threat to family life and productivity
How did the Industrial Revolution differ from political revolutions in terms of time?
It was a slow, uneven process.
What was a primary reason for the rapid migration from rural areas to cities (urbanization) during the Industrial Revolution?
Demand for labor in urban industries
What is the main principle of Laissez-Faire Economics as advocated by Adam Smith in "The Wealth of Nations"?
Minimal government interference in the economy
In 1903, these brothers achieved the first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, marking the beginning of the aviation age:
Orville & Wilbur Wright
What was a significant demand made at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 in the United States?
Voting rights for women
During the Industrial Revolution _____________________________ changed as complex machines replaced hand tools, and energy sources shifted from human and animal power to steam and later electricity.
production
Who benefited the most during the rise of the industrial economy, leading to the creation of a wealthy "bourgeoisie" class?
Entrepreneurs from various backgrounds, such as merchants, inventors, and artisans
Published in 1848 by Marx & Engels, this work argued that history is defined by conflicts between the “haves” (bourgeoisie) and the “have-nots” (proletariat)
Communist Manifesto
Rapid technological advances required significant investments. Business owners were able to obtain this investment by selling what?
stock (shares) of their company
What was Charles Darwin's main argument in his theory of natural selection?
Traits best suited to the environment survive and are passed onto future generations.
The Industrial Revolution marked a shift from small farming villages to what kind of life?
Urban industrial life
Workers who smashed machines in protest against job loss due to new technologies were called:
Luddites
What did Alfred Nobel invent in 1866?
Dynamite
When a single company controls an entire industry is is called a:
monopoly