Social and Economic Changes
What movement fenced off common land in Britain?
Enclosure
What invention used water power to spin textiles?
The Water Frame
What system replaced skilled artisans with factory workers?
Factory System
What machine replaced manual textile production?
Spinning Jenny
What movement aimed to extend voting rights in Britain?
Chartism
What term describes the shift from rural to urban living?
Urbanization
What fuel powered most factories during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal
What term describes young workers during the Industrial Revolution?
Child Labour
What mode of transport expanded trade and industry?
Railroads
What ideology critiques capitalism and promotes equality?
Socialism
What economic system grew during the Industrial Revolution?
Capitalism
Who invented the steam engine?
James Watt
What law improved working conditions in Britain in 1833?
Factory Act
What powered ships and trains during this period?
Steam
What labor movement protested unfair wages in the 19th century?
Trade Unions
What group benefited most from industrial wealth?
The Middle Class
What communication device did Samuel Morse create?
Telegraph
What class emerged as a result of industrialization?
Working Class
What innovation allowed factories to work night and day?
Electricity
What book did Karl Marx write criticizing capitalism?
Communist Manifesto
What revolution preceded and supported the Industrial Revolution?
The Second Agricultural Revolution
What process improved steel production in the 1850s?
Bessmer
What type of organization fights for workers’ rights?
Union
What invention allowed messages to travel quickly?
Telegraph
What law limited working hours for women and children?
Ten Hours Act