Why factories hired children
Why did early factories hire children?
They could be paid less than adults.
What is a free market?
A system based on competition between privately owned businesses.
From which group of people did most factory workers come?
Peasants.
What happened during the enclosure movement?
Small fields were combined to make larger farms.
Which was an important new source of energy in the 1700s?
Coal
Who perfected the steam engine?
James Watt
Why did early factories hire children?
pay less, easy to replace, did dangerous work
What is a free market?
A system based on competition between privately owned businesses offering a similar product or service
Who perfected the steam engine?
James Watt
From which group of people did most factory workers come?
peasants
What were 3 of Adam Smith’s ideas?
free markets, supply and demand, division of labor
Why were children easy to replace in factories?
They were small and could fit in tight spaces.
What is the role of competition in a free market?
It helps to keep prices low.
What skills did many factory workers lack?
Specialized skills needed for certain jobs.
How did the enclosure movement affect small farmers?
Many lost their land.
How did coal change industrial processes?
It provided a reliable power source.
How did the steam engine impact transportation?
Led to the development of railroads.
What were the problems for factory workers living in cities?
poverty,crime,disease
What is capital?
Money invested to make more money
Who wrote novels describing the hard life of many people in England in the 1800s?
Charles Dickens
What happened during the enclosure movement?
small fields were combined to make larger fields
What was Karl Marx’s goal?
absolute equality
What dangerous work did children do that adults refused?
Working with machinery.
How does a free market differ from a government-controlled economy?
Buyers and sellers determine prices.
What was the working condition like for factory workers?
Often unsafe and unhealthy.
What was the purpose of the enclosure movement?
To increase agricultural efficiency.
What were some uses of coal during the Industrial Revolution?
Fuel for steam engines and heating.
What were some key improvements made to the steam engine?
Increased efficiency and power.
What did Robert Owen try to establish?
a perfect community
What is mercantilism?
A country can grow rich by controlling trade
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Which 3 inventions helped people make cloth faster and more easily?
Spinning jenny, cotton gin, water frame
Communism aimed to abolish what?
private property
What were the working hours like for children in factories?
Often long and exhausting.
What are some examples of products in a free market?
Electronics, clothing, etc
How did the Industrial Revolution change the types of jobs available?
Shifted from agriculture to manufacturing.
How did the enclosure movement contribute to urbanization?
Forced people to move to cities for work.
How did the discovery of new energy sources impact industry?
Allowed for faster production.
How did the steam engine affect factory production?
Allowed for mechanized production.
What is a strike?
A protest in which workers agree to stop working
What is an important aim of socialism?
Government should control the economy to benefit all citizens.
Who was Karl Marx?
a German philosopher, revolutionary socialist best known for his theory of historical materialism and his critique of capitalism. He co-authored the Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels and wrote the multi-volume work Das Kapital, which laid the foundation for his revolutionary ideas about socialism and communism.
Which was an important new source of energy in the 1700s?
coal
What is an example of capitalism?
a business, like a bakery, where the owner invests their own money to create and run the business, and they make decisions about production and pricing. They are free to decide what to produce, how to produce it, and how to sell it to make a profit.
How did the use of child labor affect the education of children?
Many had to drop out of school.
How does supply and demand affect a free market?
Higher demand can increase prices.
What impact did factory work have on families?
Often separated family members due to long hours.
What were some consequences of the enclosure movement for rural communities?
Loss of traditional farming practices.
What role did energy sources play in the growth of cities?
Supported larger populations and industries.
What industries were transformed by steam power?
Textiles, transportation, manufacturing.
What were the Luddites most famous for?
destroying factories and machines
What is a socialist idea that has been adopted by American capitalist society?
Welfare and social security
What was an achievement of Benjamin Disraeli?
He passed laws to help working people
During the Industrial Revolution, describe the gap between the rich and the poor.
It increased
What is the difference between capitalism and socialism?
Capitalism and socialism are fundamentally different economic systems with contrasting approaches to ownership, production, and distribution of resources.
Capitalism emphasizes private ownership, free markets, and profit-driven competition, while
socialism prioritizes public or collective ownership, centralized planning, and social welfare.