Inventions
How did they transport goods during the Industrial Revolution?
Railways and Canals (Steam Engine - Trains and Boats)
What was the purpose of factory laws during the Industrial Revolution?
To improve working conditions and limit child labour.
When was the industrial revolution?
1760-1840
Why did parents send their children to work?
They needed money for the family
What is the difference between a primary source and a secondary source?
A primary source was created at the time (eg. a newspaper article from the time, a diary entry, a video blog).
A secondary source was created after the time (eg. a textbook, an essay about the impact of the industrial revolution).
What invention allowed thread to be spun much faster than by hand?
In 1842, the Mines Act was introduced. What did it do?
The Mines Act further addressed issues by banning the employment of boys under ten and all women and girls in underground coal mines.
The Industrial Revolution first began in which country?
Britain
What type of housing did many factory workers live in?
Slums, tenement housing
A factory owner writes a report in 1840 saying conditions in his factory are 'excellent and clean'. Why might this source be unreliable?
He has a conflict of interest; he wants to protect his business and profits.
What invention helped separate cotton fibres from seeds quickly?
Cotton gin
Why did governments begin introducing factory laws?
Because workers and children were being treated unfairly and working in dangerous conditions.
The movement of people from rural areas to cities is known as:
Urbanisation
Explain one reason why people moved from rural areas to cities during the Industrial Revolution.
People moved to cities to find jobs in factories because agricultural jobs were decreasing and factories offered regular wages.
Why might historians question whether a source is reliable?
It may be biased
The author may have a particular viewpoint
It may only show one perspective
Which invention greatly improved the efficiency of engines and helped power factories?
Steam engine
Why were factory laws introduced?
Because working conditions were dangerous and children were being exploited.
What is meant by the factory system?
The factory system was a method of manufacturing where goods were produced in large factories using machines and workers performing specific tasks.
Describe one problem people experienced living in industrial cities.
Overcrowded housing
Pollution
Poor sanitation
Spread of disease
A factory worker giving evidence about long hours and dangerous conditions is an example of what type of source?
Primary source
What fuel powered most factories and machines during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal
What did the Factory Act of 1833 do?
The Factory Act of 1833 made it illegal for children under the age of 9 to work in factories.
What were trade unions and why were they formed?
Trade unions were organisations formed by workers to fight for better wages, safer working conditions, and shorter working hours.
What new social class grew during the Industrial Revolution made up of factory owners and businessmen?
The middle class
If a historian writes a textbook explaining the Industrial Revolution, what type of source is this?
Secondary source
Why were machines important during the Industrial Revolution?
They allowed goods to be produced faster and in larger quantities.
What age were children required to be before they could legally work in factories after the Factory Act?
9 years old
Explain one positive impact of the Industrial Revolution.
Mass production of goods made products cheaper and more available.
New technologies improved transportation and communication.
Economic growth and job opportunities increased.
What were common working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
Long hours and low pay
Why are photographs, paintings, and drawings useful historical sources?
They show what life looked like in the past and provide visual evidence of conditions.
Which development is most closely associated with the start of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Steam engine
What group of people often pushed governments to introduce factory reforms?
Trade Unions
Why was Britain well suited for the Industrial Revolution?
Access to coal and iron
Strong trade networks
Stable government
Growing population
What was one major disease that spread in crowded industrial cities?
Cholera
Explain one long-term impact of the Industrial Revolution on modern society.
Development of modern factories
Advances in technology
Growth of cities
Modern transportation systems