1
In the 1700s, the process of enclosure tended to increase
a. farmer's reliance on a single cash crop
b. the use of broadcast method of seeding
c. farming efficiency
d. the amount of common land available for grazing
c. farming efficiency
The crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increased crop yields
a. by increasing nutrients in the soil
b. by allowing more land to rest
c. by ensuring that more of the seeds that were planted actually sprouted
d. by decreasing the amount of land used to grow nutrient-depleting crops
a. by increasing nutrients in the soil
All of the following were results of the agricultural revolution in Britain EXCEPT that
a. food prices decreased
b. population increased
c. the number of farmers increased
d. the average size of farms increased
Karl Marx is most closely associated with
a. socialism.
b. communism.
c. utilitarianism.
d. trade unionism.
b. communism
Think about all of the various groups of people who were involved in the Industrial Revolution, from rural aristocrats to skilled workers to the children of the poor. What one group would you say benefitted the most from the Industrial Revolution in the short term? What one group would you say benefitted the least in the short term? Support your answers.
Quotidian Quintuple
Benefitted the most: entrepreneurs made a great deal of money, led basically pleasant lives enjoying the benefits of industrialization and what it made available to them, and occupied a comfortable social position as part of the new middle class.
Benefitted the least: children of the poor were forced to risk their lives working under dangerous conditions in factories and mines for very long hours at very low wages.
Which of the following did NOT improve as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
a. living conditions for the average worker
b. education opportunities
c. preservation of the environment
d. affordability of consumer goods
c. preservation of the environment
If the statement is true, say true. If it is false, correct the statement.
In the United States, the Industrial Revolution began with the industrialization of the ____railroad____ industry.
textile
The country of ____Belgium_____ led Europe in adopting the industrial technology of Britain.
True
What are some of the factors that discouraged the growth of industrialization in certain European countries?
Daily Double
Lack of natural resources, British secrecy about new industrial technology, Disruptions caused by wars such as the War of 1812, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars, economically isolated populations, political division, etc.
The free-market system of capitalism was defended in the book The Wealth of Nations by
a. Adam Smith
b. John Stuart Mill
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. William Wilberforce
a. Adam Smith
Utilitarianism held that government policies should promote
a. wars and epidemics to kill off excess people.
b. public ownership of the means of production.
c. the complete independence of each individual
d. the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
d. the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should
a. leave the economy alone.
b. actively plan the economy.
c. destroy the economy.
d. allow the economy to be controlled by the bourgeoise.
b. actively plan the economy.
In the 19th century, collective bargaining was carried out between
a. government and unions.
b. employers and employees.
c. communists and capitalists.
d. political and financial leaders.
b. employers and employees.
The first area to undergo major industrialization was
a. banking
b. railroads
c. coal mining
d. textile production
d. textile production
When the trade union movement began in Britain, the strike was an illegal action taken against
a. child laborers by factory owners.
b. union workers by factory owners.
c. factory owners by union workers.
d. non-union workers by union workers.
c. factory owners by union workers.
Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?
a protect the nation's industries from foreign competition
b. establish minimum wages and maximum working hours
c. give government complete control of the means of production
d. refuse to interfere in any economic matters
d. refuse to interfere in any economic matters
Which factor played a major role in the industrialization of the United States?
a. end of the Civil War
b. railroad expansion
c. Native American slaves
d. all of the above
b. railroad expansion
Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800s?
a. In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine.
b. The Mines Act prevented women and children from working underground.
c. The U.S. Supreme Court objected to a federal child labor law.
d. The U.S. Supreme Court created social security for retired workers.
d. The U.S. Supreme Court created social security for retired workers.
What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s?
a. to establish public schools
b. to limit the length of the workday
c. to abolish child labor in factories
d. to abolish slavery and the slave trade
d. to abolish slavery and the slave trade
How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
a. It created technology to clean them.
b. It made them lose valuable sources of food.
c. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.
d. It made the crime rate drop.
c. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.
In the 19th century, what were some of the main differences between the beliefs of laissez-faire capitalists and communists?
Laissez-faire capitalists believed that a free-market economy benefitted society as a whole; Marxists believed that a free-market economy harmed workers and benefitted only the middle- and upper-classes
Laissez-faire capitalists believed that if the government allowed free trade, capitalism would prosper; Marxists believed that if the government allowed free trade, the capitalist economy would eventually destroy itself.
How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?
a. It led to population growth.
b. It increased food supplies.
c. It caused farmers to lose land and seek other work.
d. All of the above are true.
d. All of the above are true.
How did Britain's economy affect the process of industrialization?
a. positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress
b. positively, by Britain allowing women and children to work long hours
c. negatively, by Britain's decision to forbid engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers to leave the country
d. negatively, by Britain's overseas expansion, which took jobs away from British citizens
a. positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress
What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?
a. It enabled mines to work efficiently without more workers.
b. It allowed small ferries to monopolize the English canals.
c. It launched the railway age, which brought transportation to a new level.
d. All of the above are true.
c. It launched the railway age, which brought transportation to a new level.
In what way did the new middle class change British society?
a. The power structure in London shifted from the city to the country.
b. The middle class became the new ruling class in society.
c. Aristocrats and wealthy landowners looked down on the middle class.
d. Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society.
d. Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society.