Industrial Revolution 1
What country was the first to industrialize?
Great Britain
Definition: City building and the movement of people to cities.
Urbanization
This natural resource, in ample supply in England powered steam engines.
What is coal?
An entrepreneur is a type of...
a.scientist.
b.aristocrat.
c.business person.
d.personal secretary.
What is business person?
What was one environmental consequence of the Industrial Revolution?
Widespread deforestation and pollution.
Before industrialization, what were the main sources of power used by farmers and herders to produce food?
The physical labor of humans and animals
What invention dramatically increased coal production in 18th-century Great Britain? It also allowed factories to be located anywhere rather than near a water source.
The steam engine
What is the textile industry?
Economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned.
Capitalism
Individuals that spent their time in mills working, laborers, were part of this class in society.
Working Class
Were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?
What are Land, Labor, and Capital?
He Invented the Cotton Gin
Who was Eli Whitney?
The money used to invest in a business or technology.
What is capital?
What was the main cause of urbanization in 19th-century Britain?
Industrialization- People moving to work in factories.
A form of complete Socialism in which all means of production is owned by the people. All land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses—would be owned by the people. Private property would in effect cease to exist. All goods and services would be shared equally.
Communism
Name two negative effects of industrialization.
Pollution, crime, disease, over crowding, tenements, poor living conditions, poor sanitation
List two of the poor working and living conditions that many suffered moving into cities and working in factories.
Long Hours; Low Wages; Dangerous Working Conditions, Child Labor, etc.
By the late 1700s, the best place to find a water frame and a spinning mule was in...
What is a factory?
What invention revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution?
The telegraph
People eventually began to take action based off socialist theories to organize and promote reform. List any two things they did.
Strike, collective bargaining, abolition of slavery; Women fight for equality/voting rights; Education for Children
Why did the Industrial Revolution occur in Great Britain before it occurred elsewhere in Europe?
Name at least 2-3 reasons
Why Britain? Key Advantages
1. Natural Resources
- Abundant coal to power machines
- Iron ore for building machines, tools, and infrastructure
2. Geography / Transportation
- Many natural rivers and harbors
- Close proximity of coal + iron deposits
3. Political Stability
- Strong central government
- No recent wars on British soil
4. Economic Strength
- Banking system encouraged loans and investment
- Growing overseas empire created large markets
5. Labor Supply
- Population growth after Agricultural Revolut
The Factory Acts, were passed in the early 1800's and outlawed this common practice.
What is child labor?
Definition: Economic policy that lets owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference. Associated with capitalism. This is a French Term.
What is the laissez-faire?
Private Property is Abolished. The concept of property is negated and replaced with the concept of commons and ownership with "usership".
By turning a single large wheel on this machine, the operator could spin eight or more cotton threads, making cotton production quicker and cheaper
spinning Jenny
The writings of a German journalist named _________ introduced the world to a radical type of socialism, "Father of Communism". Wrote the Communist Manifesto.
Karl Marx
The steam engine
Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations?
Who is Adam Smith?
Definition: In this economic system, some of the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. This system grew out of an optimistic view of human nature, a belief in progress, and a concern for social justice. Argued that the government should plan the economy rather than depend on free-market capitalism to do the job. They argued that government control of factories, mines, railroads, and other key industries would end poverty and promote equality.
What is Socialism?
Refuse to work.
What is Strike?
Is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms.
What is Unions?
Definition: Social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers. Industrialization led to the growth of this class.
What is Middle Class?
What is one way industrialization contributed to imperialism, desire for colonies.
Industrial nations sought resources/raw materials and labor from colonies.
The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Utilitarianism (related to Utopias)
What is one of the most significant changes in transportation that occurred during the Industrial Revolution?
The development of railroads and steam-powered ships.