Industrial Revolution Basics
What invention did James Watt improve that was vital for the Industrial Revolution?
Steam Engine
What are the three main fossil fuels that became prominent during the Industrial Revolution?
What are coal, oil, and natural gas?
Who is known for the phrase "invisible hand" in economics?
Adam Smith
What was one major demographic change due to industrialization?
Significant increase in world population.
Which continent (outside of Europe) saw the largest expansion of European imperialism during the 19th century?
Africa
How did steam engines change the production of cotton in British colonies?
It allowed for the mechanization of spinning and weaving, leading to increased production?
What was the primary use of oil before it gained widespread use in the mid-20th century?
It was primarily used for lamps and light sources?
What did Karl Marx believe would eventually happen to capitalism?
What is it would be overthrown by the proletariat leading to a classless society?
How did industrialization affect labor conditions in factories?
What is workers often faced long hours and poor conditions?
What was one reason for the spread of industrialization to other countries after Britain?
What is the movement of people and ideas, including smuggling of technology?
Name one reason why industrialization began in Britain rather than in China.
What is the abundance of coal deposits and a commercial-minded aristocracy?
What energy source was primarily used to power early steam engines?
What is coal?
What was John Maynard Keynes' view on government intervention during economic downturns?
What is he believed the government should actively intervene to stimulate the economy?
Name one social benefit that resulted from industrialization.
Increased access to education and healthcare.
How did British colonies contribute to the Industrial Revolution?
What is they provided raw materials and markets for British manufactured goods?
What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on urban populations?
It led to the growth of larger cities and denser populations?
How is coal formed, and why was it significant during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal is formed from ancient plant matter under pressure and was significant as a primary energy source?
Describe the main idea of Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations."
What is it outlines the benefits of free-market capitalism and the division of labor?
What is one negative environmental impact of industrialization?
Pollution from factories in urban areas.
Explain how the Industrial Revolution influenced global trade networks.
What is it created new demands for raw materials and new markets for finished goods?
Describe one way in which the Industrial Revolution influenced global trade.
It allowed European nations to colonize regions for raw materials, increasing their economic power?
Discuss the relationship between energy sources and the rise of industrial societies.
What is the availability of energy sources like coal allowed for increased production capabilities and economic growth?
What did Marx mean by "class struggle"?
What is the ongoing conflict between the ruling class (capitalists) and the working class (proletariat)?
Discuss the notion of "depersonalization" in the context of mass production.
What is the idea that individuals feel less connected and valued in a system that prioritizes efficiency over personal interaction?
In what ways did industrialization lead to global inequalities?
What is industrialized nations exploited resources from less developed regions, leading to economic disparities?