The Industrial Age
a drug that prevents pain during surgery
anesthetic
wealth to invest in enterprises
capital
the movement of people into cities
urbanization
placed seeds in rows rather than scattering wastefully
seed drill
places where workers and machines produced large quantities of goods
factories
multistory buildings with crowded apartments
tenements
taking over and fencing off land
enclosure
private roads that charged a fee
turnpikes
workers' organizations for better wages, hours, and conditions
labor unions
separate iron from its ore
smelt
Kay, Hargreaves, and Arkwright imporved this industry
textiles
accepted by poor familes because wages were needed
child labor
Newcomen and Watt developed this
steam engine
allowed goods to be shipped over land
railroads
benefited most and created new middle class
entrepreneurs