Causes of Industrialization
This natural resource powered many early steam engines.
What is coal?
Factories replaced much of this type of production done at home.
What is cottage industry/home production?
This invention made quick long-distance communication possible in the 1800s.
What is the telegraph?
Urbanization means people moving to these crowded areas.
What are cities/urban areas?
Workers formed these groups to fight for better wages and conditions.
What are labor unions?
Industrialization first began in this country.
What is Great Britain/England?
Workers often operated these large textile machines in factories.
What are textile machines/looms/spinning machines?
Railroads were mainly powered by this invention.
What is the steam engine?
Many industrial workers lived in poorly built housing called ________.
What are tenements?
Strikes happened when workers stopped doing this.
What is working/laboring?
Better farming methods led to this population trend during the Industrial Revolution.
What is population growth?
Many factory workers, including children, worked these extremely long work periods.
What are shifts/hours/workdays?
Eli Whitney is famous for inventing this machine that sped up cotton processing.
What is the cotton gin?
This social class grew as factory owners became wealthy.
What is the middle class/bourgeoisie?
Karl Marx believed history was shaped by struggles between social ________.
What are classes?
This invention by James Watt improved the efficiency of steam power.
What is the steam engine?
This system involved workers repeating one small task over and over.
What is the division of labor?
This transportation system greatly increased trade by connecting cities and ports.
What are railroads/canals?
Reformers pushed for laws limiting this type of labor involving young workers.
What is child labor?
Reformers pushed for laws improving safety and reducing working ________.
What are hours?
Explain why Britain had advantages that helped industrialization begin there first.
Britain had coal, iron, colonies, money for investment, good transportation, and a stable government.
Describe two problems factory workers commonly faced during industrialization.
Unsafe conditions, low pay, child labor, long hours, poor ventilation, dangerous machines.
Explain how railroads changed both business and daily life during industrialization.
Railroads sped up transportation, lowered costs, connected markets, and allowed people to travel farther and faster.
Explain one positive and one negative effect of urbanization during industrialization.
Positive: more jobs and innovation. Negative: pollution, overcrowding, disease, and poor housing.
Explain how labor unions helped change working conditions during industrialization.
Labor unions helped win shorter hours, better pay, safer workplaces, and child labor laws.