From Farm to Factories
What is industrialization?
- A major economic shift from farming to factory production
- introducing machines to jobs previously done by hand
How did the flying shuttle and spinning jenny innovate the textile industry?
They made thread and cloth twice as fast, increasing clothing production.
How did railroads transform life in the 1800s
They allowed goods and people to travel faster and cheaper
What was the Second Industrial revolution known for? (what areas of innovation?)
Improvements to Transportation and Communication
What were the common working and living conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
Overcrowding, long work hours, illnesses
Water, animals, human strength
How did Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin impact cotton production?
It removed the seeds from the cotton fibers, increasing production speed
How did Robert Fulton's steamboat improve water transportation?
(besides faster water travel, be more specific)
- Used steam power to travel upstream against the current
- The Telegraph
- It allowed people to send messages instantly over long distances
What is a labor union?
Why did they develop during the Industrial Revolution
- an organized group of employees that unite to negotiate better working conditions with employers
- They organized to protect their rights as production models favored the product over their workers
Which industry was the first to industrialize?
The Textile Industry
How did the Steam Engine change factory production?
Factories could be built anywhere coal was available instead of having to be near rivers
What new source of power emerged in the mid-1800s with the nickname "Black Gold"?
Oil!
What did Alexander Graham Bell invent and how did it improve communication?
- The Telephone
- Allowed people to send spoken words instead of coded messages
What conditions did children face while working in factories?
Long hours, little pay, unhealthy environments, no education
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
An abundance of natural resources and a growing work force
Why was the internal combustion engine revolutionary?
It ran on gasoline and would later power cars and airplanes
Why was Thomas Edison's invention of the lightbulb important?
Why were child labor laws often ineffective?
They were not enforced, and many children lied about their age