Inventions & Power
This new method of making steel helped expand railroads across the country because it made steel faster and cheaper to produce.
Bessemer Process
Andrew Carnegie strengthened his steel company by controlling many stages of production. This strategy is called:
Vertical integration
Many factory workers experienced these three problems during industrialization.
Long hours, low pay, unsafe conditions
Workers in Chicago protesting for an eight-hour workday were involved in this violent event.
Haymarket Riot
Electric lights, powered factories, and streetcars made cities more productive and convenient. What side of industrialization does this example represent?
Helpful
Edwin L. Drake helped launch a major new energy industry when he drilled the first successful well for this resource.
Oil
John D. Rockefeller gained control of many companies in the same industry. This strategy is called:
Horizontal integration
Workers joined organizations like the Knights of Labor and the AFL to gain more power. These organizations are called:
Labor unions
Steel workers protesting wage cuts and job losses during Carnegie’s era were part of this strike.
Homestead Strike
One company controlling most of an industry could eliminate competition and raise prices. What side of industrialization does this represent?
Harmful
Thomas Edison helped spread the use of this energy source by building one of the first power plants.
Electricity
Rockefeller also used these groups of companies controlled by one central power to dominate the oil industry.
Trusts
Frederick W. Taylor created ideas to make factory work more efficient, but these ideas often made work more stressful and repetitive. This approach focused on improving:
Efficiency / scientific management
During this strike, President Grover Cleveland sent federal troops to restore order.
Pullman Strike
Railroads helped move goods across the country and allowed cities to grow quickly. What benefit of industrialization does this demonstrate?
Economic growth / improved transportation
This invention made long-distance communication faster and easier for businesses and families.
Telephone
When one company controls most of a market and limits competition, it forms this type of business power.
Monopoly
Because individual workers had little power to demand change, they used this collective strategy to protest unfair conditions.
Strike
Many strikes turned violent because workers demanded change while business owners tried to maintain control. What does this show about power during industrialization?
Business owners had more power than workers
Factory workers repeating the same task for long hours with little pay demonstrates what major problem of industrialization?
Worker exploitation / poor working conditions
Railroads changed the U.S. economy because they allowed businesses to move these two things faster across the country.
People and goods
Large companies sometimes lowered prices until smaller businesses failed. After competition disappeared, they raised prices again. What problem of big business does this describe?
Lack of competition / monopoly power
Industrialization helped business owners gain wealth, but many workers still struggled. What does this show about how industrialization affected different groups?
It benefited business owners more than workers / inequality
Although workers organized strikes, many of them failed. What does this suggest about the balance of power between workers, businesses, and the government?
Businesses and the government often had greater power than workers
New inventions improved communication and transportation, but workers often faced unsafe jobs and low wages. What overall conclusion about industrialization does this example suggest?
It was both helpful and harmful