Industrial Growth
What new resource-saving process made steel production faster and cheaper?
What is the Bessemer Process?
What is the ownership of all steps in the production process called?
What is Vertical Integration?
Who built a steel empire and became a philanthropist?
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
What is the name for a workplace with long hours, low wages, and unsafe conditions?
What is a Sweatshop?
What was the name for company-owned housing where workers had to live and shop?
What is a Company Town?
Who improved the steam engine, sparking industrial advancements?
Who is James Watt?
What is the ownership of many companies in the same industry called?
What is Horizontal Integration?
Who dominated the oil industry with Standard Oil?
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
What kind of labor force was often young people working long hours for low wages in dangerous jobs?
What is Child Labor?
What era, named by Mark Twain, described the wealth covering up poverty and corruption?
What is the Gilded Age?
What factors led to the growth of industry in the United States at the end of the 1800s? Name at least TWO
Natural resources, new technology, entrepreneurs, and railroads
Describe different business practices used to increase profits in the late 1800s. Name TWO
Monopolies, trusts, vertical/horizontal integration, and low wages
Who expanded the railroad industry and controlled shipping routes?
Who is Cornelius Vanderbilt?
Describe the problems faced by workers in the late 1800s. List TWO
Long hours, low wages, unsafe conditions, and lack of rights, no breaks, no holidays
What steelworker strike in 1892 turned violent between labor and private guards?
What is the Homestead Steel Strike?
How did the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad positively and negatively impact the United States? Please give an answer to BOTH
Positively, it connected markets and expanded settlement; negatively, it displaced Native Americans and exploited workers
Explain why monopolies are bad for consumers
They limit competition, raise prices, and reduce quality choices
A leader who helped the economy and donated to charity is called what?
What is a Captain of Industry?
What are labor unions and why did workers feel the need to join them?
Groups of workers formed to fight for better pay, hours, and conditions
Who was the manager of Carnegie’s steel plant during the Homestead Strike?
Who is Henry Clay Frick?
What was the overall impact of industrialization on the United States?
It increased production and wealth but created inequality, poor working conditions, and environmental change
What law was passed in 1890 to limit the power of monopolies?
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
A leader who exploited workers and used ruthless practices for profit is called what?
What is a Robber Baron?
Analyze the cause and impact of strikes during this era
Caused by poor conditions and low pay; led to violence but raised awareness of labor issues
What private security group was hired to break up strikes, including Homestead?
Who are the Pinkertons?